Exam 6: Nelson Mandela: A Champion for Human Rights and Equality

..................was sworn in as the first black president of South Africa, with de Klerk serving as his first deputy.

...................mother, Nosekeni Fanny, was the third of Mphakanyiswa's four wives, who together bore him nine daughters and four sons.

............... spent the first 18 of his 27 years in jail at the brutal Robben Island Prison, a former leper colony off the coast of Cape Town, where he was confined to a small cell without a bed or plumbing and compelled to do hard labour in a lime quarry.

While in confinement Mandela earned a bachelor of law degree from the University of .............. and served as a mentor to his fellow prisoners, encouraging them to seek better treatment through nonviolent resistance.

In ............. Mandela was moved to Polls moor Prison on the mainland.

A member of the African National Congress party beginning in the 1940s, ……………. was a leader of both peaceful protests and armed resistance against the white minority's oppressive regime in a racially divided South Africa.

................ continued to study and practice the nonviolent resistance methods of Mahatma Gandhi until the ruling National Party began crushing all opposition.

After learning that his guardian had arranged a marriage for him, ............. fled to Johannesburg and worked first as a night watchman and then as a law clerk while completing his bachelor's degree by correspondence.

In.............., the United Nations declared July 18 "Nelson Mandela International Day" in recognition of the South African leader's contributions to democracy, freedom, peace and human rights around the world.

..............studied law at the University of Witwatersrand, where he became involved in the movement against racial discrimination and forged key relationships with black and white activists.

The South African activist and former president …………….helped bring an end to apartheid and has been a global advocate for human rights.

Improving race relations, discouraging blacks from retaliating against the white minority and building a new international image of a united South Africa were central to President ......... agenda.

A few years later .................. was sentenced to life imprisonment on Robben Island for his actions against the government.

………….. became the first black president of South Africa in 1994.

.............. drafted his autobiography, "Long Walk to Freedom,"

In 1996 ................. presided over the enactment of a new South African constitution, which established a strong central government based on majority rule and prohibited discrimination against minorities, including whites.

In 1940 .............and several other students, including his friend and future business partner Oliver Tambo were sent home for participating in a boycott against university policies.

..................was born on July 18, 1918, into a royal family of the Xhosa- speaking Thimbu tribe in the South African village of Mvezo.

In 1939 ...............entered the elite University of Fort Hare, the only Western-style higher learning institute for South African blacks at the time.

As president, ........... established the Truth and Reconciliation Commission to investigate human rights and political violations committed by both supporters and opponents of apartheid between 1960 and 1994.