Exam 9: Investigative Tools

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What has a study of undercover officers found?

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They tend to be newer, inexperienced officers, supervision may be lax, and they are exposed to great danger, often without adequate briefing or preparation There also has been no systematic study of the cost, benefit, and impact on the officer or on the community

Why are these bugs and taps permitted for extended periods?

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By law, they can be installed for only 30 days, but extensions can be granted A judge, in determining whether an extension will be granted, considers the complexity of organized crime activity, and the nature of the premises under surveillance

What are the three types of citizens' commissions?

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Government funded, bi-partisan groups―where investigators have police status but no arrest
authority (e.g., Pennsylvania Crime Commission),
Groups funded by the private sector―having no law enforcement authority (e.g., Chicago Crime Commission),
Government-sponsored, temporary groups―that investigate a specific incident or phenomenon (e.g., Knapp Commission, President's Commission on Organized Crime)

What happened to the Pennsylvania Crime Commission, and why?

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What are the federal agencies primarily involved in organized crime cases today?

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How would you assess the cost-benefit of undercover work?

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What is Carnivore?

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Why must investigation of organized crime place more emphasis on proactive approaches?

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What problems have been found in carrying our electronic surveillance?

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Why is room-bug electronic surveillance relatively uncommon?

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What is the downside of using informants?

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What is an informant?

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What is the utility of citizens' commissions?

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Why has there been a dramatic increase in electronic surveillance of pages and cell phones?

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What is the "informer's privilege"?

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Are e-mail messages protected from nonconsensual interception?

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How has the number of taps changed since 1970 in the United States?

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How is intelligence gathering different from assembling evidence to build criminal cases?

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Why are undercover investigations not used as often in organized crime investigations as is commonly believed?

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In a well-known case in Boston, a criminal-turned-informant was mishandled. How?

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