Exam 9: Vehicle Stops and Searches

Which case law stresses the importance of a carefully crafted departmental policy governing the opening of closed containers after vehicle impoundment?

Evidence obtained from closed containers during inventory searches is not admissible in court unless authorized by departmental policy.

In United States v. Chadwick, the Court held that a warrantless search of a movable container found in a motor vehicle is invalid in the absence of ________.

A vehicle search after a valid stop requires ________ to be present for the search to be considered valid.

If probable cause exists that an automobile contains contraband, a warrantless search is valid even if the automobile is first moved to a police station.

There is a need for a warrant in vehicle searches if the vehicle is readily movable, especially if there is time to obtain a warrant.

An anonymous 911 call that contains enough information to enable officers to corroborate its veracity and reliability is sufficient to establish ________ for an investigative stop.

The search of a vehicle is governed by rules that, over the years, have expanded the power of the police.

Drivers in lawful possession or control of a rental vehicle, regardless of whether or not they are listed in the rental agreement, have a reasonable expectation of privacy.

In United States v. Ross, the Court ruled that when making a valid search of a car, the police may search:

In ________, the Court held that a traveler's luggage is an "effect" and is under the protection of the Fourth Amendment. This case defines the limit of what police officers can do to pieces of luggage and belongings of passengers.

The police may conduct a warrantless search of the passenger compartment of a car and of the contents therein if it is ________.

In Michigan v. Long, the Court ruled that a(n) ________ search of an automobile, after a valid stop, is permissible if the officer has a reasonable belief that the suspect is dangerous and might gain immediate control of a weapon.

Stopping an automobile at random and without ________ is unreasonable under the Fourth Amendment.

Reasonable suspicion to believe that a container in an automobile holds contraband or seizable evidence justifies a warrantless search of that container, even in the absence of probable cause to search the vehicle.

Before a stop can occur, the totality of the circumstances must yield a particularized suspicion that contains:

Police officers with probable cause to search a car may inspect occupants' belongings found in the car that are capable of concealing the object of the search.

The warrantless search of an automobile is valid if there is reasonable suspicion to believe it contains contraband.

Which of the following Supreme Court cases gave way to the so-called "automobile exception" to the warrant requirement?

The minimum requirement for a valid vehicular stop to be valid is that the police have ________ of unlawful activity.