Exam 2: The First Amendment

First Amendment rights include the power for a citizen to:

Deepfake: What is a deepfake?

Courts and theorists say the First Amendment serves several purposes, EXCEPT:

"Fighting words" are words delivered face-to-face that provoke another individual to retaliate physically.

American courts generally will not enforce judgments against American media by foreign courts for libel, hate speech, invasion of privacy and other torts if the expression would be protected under the First Amendment in the United States.

A federal appeals court ruled a sheriff running for reelection violated the First Amendment rights of jailors when the sheriff fired them for "Liking" the sheriff's opponent on Facebook.

Self-governance theory: Explain briefly the self-governance theory of freedom of expression championed by Alexander Meiklejohn.

Social media platforms are free generally to set their own rules regarding the content they host, and they may do so without engaging in actionable censorship of their users because the platforms are not state actors subject to constitutional limits.

Incorporation: What does it mean to "incorporate" the bill of rights into the Fourteenth Amendment? Give an example of incorporation.

The state university president can remove bottled fetuses from an anti-abortion display at the Student Public Forum if:

When adopted by the states in 1791, the First Amendment protected citizens' free speech rights from interference by state and local governments as well as from interference by the federal government.

The Supreme Court has ruled the government has a compelling interest to stop speech before publication whenever:

A board of city commissioners could constitutionally prohibit a civil rights parade that might have a "tendency" to draw hostile opposition.

Bad Tendency Test: Why have courts said good riddance to the "bad tendency" test?

Fourteenth Amendment: What is the contribution of the Fourteenth Amendment to the First Amendment freedom of expression? Give an example.

In the 2021 case Mahanoy Area School District v.B. L., the Supreme Court held that:

None of the following categories of speech enjoy constitutional protection EXCEPT:

It is constitutional to punish all expression in the legal category of "depicting cruelty to animals," the Supreme Court has ruled.

In Elonis v. United States, the Supreme Court ruled that Anthony Elonis could be convicted of posting a true threat if the prosecution proved he had an intent to intimidate when he posted a vicious message about his estranged wife.

Which amendments are involved when a court rules that a state violates freedom of expression.