Exam 9: Deviance and Social Control

Hirschi's control theory, in its original form, is considered the most macro theory of crime within social structure and personality.

Whether a behavior is considered an act of secondary deviance depends on whether it occurs before or after a person is labeled as deviant.

How does labeling theory differ in focus from theories of the cause of deviance within sociological social psychology? Use labeling theory to illustrate the central tenets of the symbolic interactionist framework.

The criminal justice system has elements of a degradation ritual.

Rituals designed to transform the identity of an individual who has done something viewed as immoral and to set him or her apart from nondeviant society are called:

Measures of differential associations are usually based on survey questions that ask adolescents about:

According to Hirschi's social control theory, the _________________________________, the lower their likelihoods of engaging in delinquent behavior.

Internal control operates mainly through:

Compare and contrast two of the theories of deviance within social structure and personality discussed in Chapter 9. Apply these two theories to college student cheating or to underage drinking.

Techniques of neutralization:

A student who justifies cheating by saying that the tests, readings, and professors at his or her school are so bad that there's no other choice is using which technique of neutralization?

Symbolic interactionists argue that the labeling process is a self-fulfilling prophecy because:

After being labeled an alcoholic, Loren begins interacting with other people who have been similarly labeled. As a result of this, he begins to drink more heavily and starts using drugs. These latter behaviors can be classified as acts of:

Outline the labeling process with reference to the following key concepts: primary deviance, retrospective labeling, secondary deviance, deviant subculture, and self-fulfilling prophecy. Use this model to illustrate how labeling people as deviant alters their relationships with others and impacts their self-concepts and future behaviors.

Whether a behavior is considered deviant often varies with the status characteristics of the actor.

Compare and contrast symbolic interactionist approaches to the study of deviance and theories of deviance within social structure and personality.

Would a labeling theorist be surprised to hear that someone scored high on a measure of deviance but was never labeled as deviant? Why or why not?

Which of the following statements is FALSE?

Compare the three forms of social control and the emotions through which they operate. Which form of social control is the most effective, and which form of social control is the least effective, in regulating people's behaviors? Explain.

Within sociological social psychology, a stigma is: