Question 1

Which type of claim centers on what was, is, or will be?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fact 
B)  Definition 
C)  Value/judgment 
D)  Policy 
A)  Fact 
B)  Definition 
C)  Value/judgment 
D)  Policy A

Question 2

Explain how policy disputes and value disputes are intertwined. Why do policy arguments entail values, and vice versa?

Accepted Answer

Policy disputes and value disputes are intertwined because policy decisions are often based on underlying values. When individuals or groups disagree on a particular policy, it is often because they have different values or beliefs that inform their stance on the issue. For example, a debate over healthcare policy may stem from differing values about the role of government in providing for its citizens' well-being.

Conversely, value disputes can also lead to policy disagreements. When people have conflicting values, they may advocate for different policies that align with their respective beliefs. For instance, individuals who prioritize individual freedom may argue for less government intervention in personal matters, while those who prioritize equality may advocate for policies that promote social welfare programs.

Policy arguments entail values because the choices made in policy decisions reflect the values and priorities of the decision-makers. For example, a decision to invest in infrastructure rather than education reflects a value placed on physical development over intellectual development. Similarly, vice versa, values can drive policy decisions as policymakers may seek to enact policies that align with their personal or societal values.

In conclusion, policy disputes and value disputes are intertwined because they both influence and inform each other. Values shape policy decisions, and policy decisions reflect values, making it essential to consider both when engaging in debates and discussions about public policy.

Question 3

Which type of claim advocates a change in a course of action?

Accepted Answer

A)  Fact 
B)  Value 
C)  Policy 
D)  Definition 
A)  Fact 
B)  Value 
C)  Policy 
D)  Definition C

Question 4

"That animal isn't a bull or a cow; it's a steer." This is an example of a(an):

Accepted Answer

A)  Deductive claim 
B)  Judgment claim 
C)  Definitional claim 
D)  Policy claim 
E)  Empirical claim 
A)  Deductive claim 
B)  Judgment claim 
C)  Definitional claim 
D)  Policy claim 
E)  Empirical claim

Question 5

If one person interrupted another during an argument and said, "What is your proof?" the person would be asking about the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Claim 
B)  Grounds 
C)  Warrant 
D)  Reasoning 
E)  Inferential leap 
A)  Claim 
B)  Grounds 
C)  Warrant 
D)  Reasoning 
E)  Inferential leap

Question 6

Which of the following best illustrates the fallacy of "hypothesis contrary to fact"?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is probably intelligent life elsewhere in the universe. 
B)  Marijuana is a gateway drug to meth and heroin. 
C)  If dolphins had hands with opposable thumbs, they would rule the world. 
D)  If you don't add baking soda or baking powder to cookie dough, the cookies will be hard or dense. 
A)  There is probably intelligent life elsewhere in the universe. 
B)  Marijuana is a gateway drug to meth and heroin. 
C)  If dolphins had hands with opposable thumbs, they would rule the world. 
D)  If you don't add baking soda or baking powder to cookie dough, the cookies will be hard or dense.

Question 7

When arguing about opinions or values, some people say, "Well, we will just have to agree to disagree." Why is it important to pursue value arguments and not simply agree to disagree?

Accepted Answer

It is important to pursue value argument

Question 8

If an arguer used any of the phrases below, it would signify which part of the argument? "Therefore…," "consequently…," "proves that…," "indicates that…," "supports the conclusion that…"

Accepted Answer

A)  Claim 
B)  Grounds 
C)  Qualifier 
D)  Warrant 
A)  Claim 
B)  Grounds 
C)  Qualifier 
D)  Warrant

Question 9

A ________________ claim is either true or false, while a ________________ claim refers to something as good or bad.

Accepted Answer

A)  Value; policy 
B)  Factual; policy 
C)  Value; factual 
D)  Factual; value 
A)  Value; policy 
B)  Factual; policy 
C)  Value; factual 
D)  Factual; value

Question 10

Which of the following is an example of a field-dependent warrant?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sign reasoning 
B)  Analogy 
C)  Probable cause 
D)  Cause-effect 
A)  Sign reasoning 
B)  Analogy 
C)  Probable cause 
D)  Cause-effect

Question 11

In the dialogue below, what is the most likely warrant in Ginger's argument? Lupe: "I just can't seem to find Mr. Right." Ginger: "Keep looking. You have to kiss a lot of frogs before you finally find a prince."

Accepted Answer

A)  Kissing unattractive men transforms them into handsome, charming mates. 
B)  One has to be willing to experience a number of relationship failures before finally enjoying a successful relationship. 
C)  It isn't a man's looks that matter; it's what inside that counts. 
D)  Most men are unattractive and/or undesirable. 
E)  All relationships struggle at times, but most have happy endings. 
A)  Kissing unattractive men transforms them into handsome, charming mates. 
B)  One has to be willing to experience a number of relationship failures before finally enjoying a successful relationship. 
C)  It isn't a man's looks that matter; it's what inside that counts. 
D)  Most men are unattractive and/or undesirable. 
E)  All relationships struggle at times, but most have happy endings.

Question 12

Tito borrows Bubba's pickup truck to move stuff from his garage to a storage unit. The day after the pickup is returned, Bubba notices a dent in the passenger-side door. When asks Tito about it, Tito responds, "Hey, that could have happened after I returned your car, maybe while you were parked somewhere." Whether the dent was made when Tito or Bubba was in possession of the car is a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Factual issue 
B)  Value issue 
C)  Policy issue 
D)  Definitional issue 
A)  Factual issue 
B)  Value issue 
C)  Policy issue 
D)  Definitional issue

Question 13

Select one of the three fallacies in reasoning discussed in the chapter (hypothesis contrary to fact, should-would fallacy, sweeping generalization). Create your own example of a fallacious argument involving that fallacy, and explain why the argument is fallacious.

Accepted Answer

I will select the sweeping generalizatio

Question 14

Which of the following best represents a definitional claim?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some controversy exists over the validity of the BMI (body mass index) as a measure of obesity. 
B)  Fashion models with a BMI of less than 18 should not be permitted at fashion shows. 
C)  A person is classified as obese if she/he has a BMI of 30 or higher. 
D)  Body-fat percentage scales are highly inaccurate. 
A)  Some controversy exists over the validity of the BMI (body mass index) as a measure of obesity. 
B)  Fashion models with a BMI of less than 18 should not be permitted at fashion shows. 
C)  A person is classified as obese if she/he has a BMI of 30 or higher. 
D)  Body-fat percentage scales are highly inaccurate.

Question 15

Which of the following is an inference or judgment, rather than a fact?

Accepted Answer

A)  The world record in the marathon is 2 hours, 4 minutes, and 26 seconds. 
B)  Usain Bolt is the fastest man in the world. 
C)  Roger Bannister was the first person to run a mile in under 4 minutes. 
D)  Mike Powell is the current world-record holder in the long jump. 
A)  The world record in the marathon is 2 hours, 4 minutes, and 26 seconds. 
B)  Usain Bolt is the fastest man in the world. 
C)  Roger Bannister was the first person to run a mile in under 4 minutes. 
D)  Mike Powell is the current world-record holder in the long jump.

Question 16

Which of the following most clearly represents a claim of fact?

Accepted Answer

A)  The temperature in this room is 81º. 
B)  It is really hot in this room. 
C)  You should turn down the heat. 
D)  It's not the heat, it's the humidity. 
E)  It's hot, but it's a dry heat. 
A)  The temperature in this room is 81º. 
B)  It is really hot in this room. 
C)  You should turn down the heat. 
D)  It's not the heat, it's the humidity. 
E)  It's hot, but it's a dry heat.

Question 17

Which of the following is a claim of value/judgment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Anyone who can run a marathon is in great shape. 
B)  On average, Southern California receives less than 12 inches of rain per year. 
C)  Jennifer Lawrence was the highest-paid film actress in 2018. 
D)  Look before you leap. 
E)  If you've had unprotected sex, even once, you should be tested for HIV. 
A)  Anyone who can run a marathon is in great shape. 
B)  On average, Southern California receives less than 12 inches of rain per year. 
C)  Jennifer Lawrence was the highest-paid film actress in 2018. 
D)  Look before you leap. 
E)  If you've had unprotected sex, even once, you should be tested for HIV.

Question 18

Which of the following best represents a claim of judgment?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pete Rose should not be admitted to the Baseball Hall of Fame. 
B)  Transgender persons should be able to use the bathroom of their choice. 
C)  Identity theft has reached epidemic proportions. 
D)  In poker, never draw on an inside straight. 
E)  Always make a photocopy of your passport before traveling abroad. 
A)  Pete Rose should not be admitted to the Baseball Hall of Fame. 
B)  Transgender persons should be able to use the bathroom of their choice. 
C)  Identity theft has reached epidemic proportions. 
D)  In poker, never draw on an inside straight. 
E)  Always make a photocopy of your passport before traveling abroad.

Question 19

Which of the following statements is a fact, rather than an inference or opinion?

Accepted Answer

A)  Dr. King's "I Have a Dream" speech was the greatest speech he ever gave. 
B)  No one had a greater impact on the civil rights movement than M. L. King. 
C)  James Earl Ray should have been executed for killing Martin Luther King. 
D)  Martin Luther King won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964. 
A)  Dr. King's "I Have a Dream" speech was the greatest speech he ever gave. 
B)  No one had a greater impact on the civil rights movement than M. L. King. 
C)  James Earl Ray should have been executed for killing Martin Luther King. 
D)  Martin Luther King won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.

Question 20

Don't pick at it or it will get infected." This is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

A)  Factual claim 
B)  Judgment claim 
C)  Definitional claim 
D)  Policy claim 
A)  Factual claim 
B)  Judgment claim 
C)  Definitional claim 
D)  Policy claim

Which type of claim centers on what was, is, or will be?

Explain how policy disputes and value disputes are intertwined. Why do policy arguments entail values, and vice versa?

Which type of claim advocates a change in a course of action?

"That animal isn't a bull or a cow; it's a steer." This is an example of a(an):

If one person interrupted another during an argument and said, "What is your proof?" the person would be asking about the:

Which of the following best illustrates the fallacy of "hypothesis contrary to fact"?

When arguing about opinions or values, some people say, "Well, we will just have to agree to disagree." Why is it important to pursue value arguments and not simply agree to disagree?

If an arguer used any of the phrases below, it would signify which part of the argument? "Therefore…," "consequently…," "proves that…," "indicates that…," "supports the conclusion that…"

A claim is either true or false, while a claim refers to something as good or bad.

Which of the following is an example of a field-dependent warrant?

In the dialogue below, what is the most likely warrant in Ginger's argument? Lupe: "I just can't seem to find Mr. Right." Ginger: "Keep looking. You have to kiss a lot of frogs before you finally find a prince."

Select one of the three fallacies in reasoning discussed in the chapter (hypothesis contrary to fact, should-would fallacy, sweeping generalization). Create your own example of a fallacious argument involving that fallacy, and explain why the argument is fallacious.

Which of the following best represents a definitional claim?

Which of the following is an inference or judgment, rather than a fact?

Which of the following most clearly represents a claim of fact?

Which of the following is a claim of value/judgment?

Which of the following best represents a claim of judgment?

Which of the following statements is a fact, rather than an inference or opinion?

Don't pick at it or it will get infected." This is an example of a:

Why Study Argument?

Arguing Ethically

Argument Theories, Models, and Definitions

The Nature of Critical Thinking

Evidence and Proof

Informal Reasoning

Fallacies in Reasoning, Part I

Fallacies in Reasoning, Part II

Judgment, Decision Making and Problem Solving

Deductive Reasoning

Effective Advocacy

Filters

Exam 5: Building Blocks of Argument

Which type of claim centers on what was, is, or will be?

Explain how policy disputes and value disputes are intertwined. Why do policy arguments entail values, and vice versa?

Which type of claim advocates a change in a course of action?

"That animal isn't a bull or a cow; it's a steer." This is an example of a(an):

If one person interrupted another during an argument and said, "What is your proof?" the person would be asking about the:

Which of the following best illustrates the fallacy of "hypothesis contrary to fact"?

When arguing about opinions or values, some people say, "Well, we will just have to agree to disagree." Why is it important to pursue value arguments and not simply agree to disagree?

If an arguer used any of the phrases below, it would signify which part of the argument? "Therefore…," "consequently…," "proves that…," "indicates that…," "supports the conclusion that…"

A ________________ claim is either true or false, while a ________________ claim refers to something as good or bad.

Which of the following is an example of a field-dependent warrant?

In the dialogue below, what is the most likely warrant in Ginger's argument? Lupe: "I just can't seem to find Mr. Right." Ginger: "Keep looking. You have to kiss a lot of frogs before you finally find a prince."

Select one of the three fallacies in reasoning discussed in the chapter (hypothesis contrary to fact, should-would fallacy, sweeping generalization). Create your own example of a fallacious argument involving that fallacy, and explain why the argument is fallacious.

Which of the following best represents a definitional claim?

Which of the following is an inference or judgment, rather than a fact?

Which of the following most clearly represents a claim of fact?

Which of the following is a claim of value/judgment?

Which of the following best represents a claim of judgment?

Which of the following statements is a fact, rather than an inference or opinion?

Don't pick at it or it will get infected." This is an example of a:

Why Study Argument?

Arguing Ethically

Argument Theories, Models, and Definitions

The Nature of Critical Thinking

Evidence and Proof

Informal Reasoning

Fallacies in Reasoning, Part I

Fallacies in Reasoning, Part II

Judgment, Decision Making and Problem Solving

Deductive Reasoning

Effective Advocacy

Filters

A claim is either true or false, while a claim refers to something as good or bad.