Exam 5: Causality

Spuriousness means;

You have completed a study on the alleged causal relationship between the moon phase and street crime. You determined that there is no correlation between the phase of the moon and the rate of reported street crimes despite the fact that many of your colleagues in the police department strongly believe there is. Your research reveals that the relationship between the moon phase and street crime is;

A recent analysis of vehicular burglaries in a northern city reveals that, on average, there are 25 vehicular burglaries throughout the city each month. About as many occur during the winter months as do during the summer months. In this case, we would say which of the following about the correlation between temperature and vehicular burglaries;

If body weight increases after a sustained increase in calorie intake, then the correlation between body weight and calorie intake is;

A researcher finds a strong and positive relationship between drug use and criminal behavior. With this information alone can the researcher conclude that drug use is the cause of criminal behavior?

If crime decreases following an increase in police patrols, then the correlation between crime and police patrols is;

When a researcher fails to confirm all three causal rules but concludes a causal relationship exist we call this relationship;

If crime increases following an increase in gang activities, then the correlation between crime and gang activity is;

A recent analysis of domestic violence in a northern city reveals that domestic violence incidents tend to increase during the coldest months of the year (i.e. winter) and decrease during the warmest months of the year (i.e. summer) In this case, we would say which of the following about the correlation between temperature and domestic violence;

If body weight decreases after a sustained in physical exercise, then the correlation between body weight and calorie intake is;

A line graph that slants higher from left to right is representative of;

A line graph that remains horizontal from left to right is representative of;

If the statement, a lack of education is a cause of crime, is true then which variable must have happened first?

A study of juvenile delinquency reveals a strong correlation between illegal drug use and delinquent acts. The researcher concludes that illegal drug use is the cause of delinquent acts. Looking at the same data, another researcher comes to the conclusion that delinquent acts lead to illegal drug use. Which causal rule are both researchers forgetting here?

The causal rule that the cause must precede (happen before) the effect is referred to as;

If 'A' happens before 'B' and there is a predictable correlation between these two variables, is that enough to conclude that 'A' is a cause of 'B'?

A recent analysis of aggravated assaults in a northern city reveals that aggravated assaults tend to increase during the warmest months of the year and decrease during the coldest months of the year. In this case, we would say which of the following about the correlation between temperature and aggravated assaults;

A line graph that slants higher from right to left is representative of;