Exam 5: René Descartes Mind and Body

James says, "As subjective we say that the experience represents; as objective it is represented. What represents and what is represented is here numerically the same; but we must remember that no dualism of being represented and representing resides in the experience per se." Explain what James means when he says that "no dualism of being represented and representing resides in the experience per se."

Velmans says, "To allow a clear distinction between consciousness of oneself and consciousness of things other than oneself, it makes more sense to reserve the term self-consciousness for a special form of __________ consciousness in which the object of consciousness is the self or some aspect of the self."

Why does Velleman say that, "we should hope for a more intuitively satisfying solution to the problems of endurance and temporal passage. I think that the solution is to recognize that both phenomena are illusions, and that these illusions are interdependent"?

James says, "There is, I mean, no aboriginal stuff or quality of being, contrasted with that of which material objects are made, out of which our thoughts of them are made; but there is a function in experience which thoughts perform, and for the performance of which this quality of being is invoked. That function is ..."

Shapiro argues that "The __________ thus provide just the right sort of context for Elisabeth's making the point she does about the soul-body union. They serve to illustrate her thesis about the relation between mind and body."

The features of consciousness; for example, what it is like to taste ice cream, or to feel pain, are called ...

Velmans says, "To achieve a genuine reduction, conscious experiences would have to be shown to be ______________________ to their neural causes and/or correlates."

Velleman tells us that "According to eternalists, all of the temporal facts can be expressed in terms of the temporal relations between events. One event can occur earlier or later than another, and it can be closer to or further from the other in time."

Locke says, "For should the soul of a prince, carrying with it the consciousness of the prince's past life, enter and inform the body of a cobbler, as soon as deserted by his own soul, every one sees he would be the same ________ with the prince, accountable only for the prince's actions: but who would say it was the same ________?"

A no longer accepted theory that living organisms contained some special non-physical element or force that gave them life is called ...

Theories that attempt to reduce mental events to physical events are called apocryphal.

What does Churchland mean when she says, "My suspicion with respect to The Hard Problem strategy is that it seems to take the class of conscious experiences to be much better defined than it is. The point is, if you are careful to restrict your focus to the prototypical cases, you can easily be hornswoggled into assuming the class is well-defined"?

Churchland says, "What drives the left-out hypothesis? Essentially, a thought-experiment, which roughly goes as follows: we can conceive of a person, like us in all the aforementioned Easy-to-explain capacities (attention, short term memory, etc.), but lacking qualia." What is Churchland's argument against the thought-experiment?

Locke says, "it must be allowed, that, if the same consciousness can be transferred from one thinking substance to another, it will be possible that two thinking substances may make but one person."

Descartes claims that he has a distinct idea of "body" which he defines as an extended and unthinking thing.

Locke says, "For should the soul of a prince, carrying with it the consciousness of the prince's past life, enter and inform the body of a cobbler, as soon as deserted by his own soul, every one sees he would be the same person with the prince, accountable only for the prince's actions: but who would say it was the same man?"

According to Hume, "For my part, when I enter most intimately into what I call ________, I always stumble on some particular perception or other, of heat or cold, light or shade, love or hatred, pain or pleasure."

According to Locke, "When we see, hear, smell, taste, feel, meditate, or will anything, we know that we do so. Thus it is always as to our present sensations and perceptions: and by this every one is to himself that which he calls ..."

According to Hume, "When my perceptions are removed for any time, as by sound sleep; so long am I insensible of myself, and may truly be said not to exist." Do you agree with Hume? Explain your answer.

According to Shapiro, "Perhaps the most well-known part of Elisabeth's correspondence with Descartes is that in which she wonders how it is possible, given Descartes's dualist commitments, for him to still maintain that soul and body ..."