Exam 7: Plato Why Should We Be Good

According to Singer, "Expert observers and supervisors, sent out by famine relief organizations or permanently stationed in famine-prone areas, can direct our aid to a refugee in Bengal almost as effectively as we could get it to someone in our own block. There would seem, therefore, to be no possible justification for discriminating on ..."

According to Hanley, "there is nothing _________ to human cloning which justifies the repugnance which many feel toward it."

According to Thomson, "Similar things might be said about the development of an acorn into an oak tree, and it does not follow that acorns are oak trees, or that we had better say they are. Arguments of this form are sometimes called ________________________; the phrase is perhaps self-explanatory, and it is dismaying that opponents of abortion rely on them so heavily and uncritically."

Explain what Hanley means when he says, "there is nothing intrinsic to human cloning which justifies the repugnance which many feel toward it."

According to Marquis, "What primarily makes killing wrong is neither its effect on the murderer nor its effect on the victim's friends and relatives, but its effect on the victim."

According to Wong, "a good part of morality arises out of the need to structure and regulate social cooperation and to resolve conflicts of interest. Meta-ethical relativism is true because there is no single valid way to structure ..."

Hume says, "Euclid has fully explained all the qualities of the circle; but has not in any proposition said a word of its beauty. The reason is evident. The beauty is not a ________ of the circle."

According to Aristotle, if the virtues are concerned with actions and passions, then the virtues will also be concerned with pleasures and pains.

Explain what Huxley means when he says, "Cosmic evolution may teach us how the good and the evil tendencies of man may have come about; but, in itself, it is incompetent to furnish any better reason why what we call good is preferable to what we call evil than we had before."

According to Huxley, "This observance of a common understanding, with the consequent distribution of punishments and rewards according to accepted rules, received the name of stimulus, while the contrary was called response."

Hanley says, "It might be supposed that human cloning presents a threat to personal identity, to individual uniqueness. But even were the genetic determinists or Lamarckians correct, and the clone were physically and psychologically identical to the donor, still the result would be a numerically distinct person from the donor."

According to Hanley, "We certainly have no evidence that God generally disapproves of alternatives (e.g., bicycles) to his more direct gifts (e.g., legs). So such claims cannot reasonably be used to argue for..."

According to Singer, "Expert observers and supervisors, sent out by famine relief organizations or permanently stationed in famine-prone areas, can direct our aid to a refugee in Bengal almost as effectively as we could get it to someone in our own block. There would seem, therefore, to be no possible justification for discriminating on geographical grounds."

Aristotle says, "With regard to pleasures and pains-not all of them, and not so much with regard to the pains-the mean is effervescent, the excess self-indulgence."