Exam 14: New Directions in Thought and Culture in the Sixteenth and Seventeenth Centuries

Who addressed the issue of planetary motion and established a basis for physics that endured for more than two centuries?

Explain the role of the institutions of science created in the scientific revolution, including the Royal Society of London and the Berlin Academy of Sciences.Why were these institutions important and how did they relate to contemporary authorities?

The woman who brought René Descartes to advise on the new science academy was ________.

According to Hobbes, human beings escape the terrible state of nature by ________.

Newton relied on the _____________ of Francis Bacon and rejected the rationalism of Descartes.

Newton was a strong supporter of ________.

Galileo believed that all aspects of nature could be described in terms of ________.

In the early sixteenth century, the standard explanation of the place of the earth in the heavens combined the works of ________.

According to Pascal's famous wager, ________.

People who supported new science, applied knowledge, religious toleration, mutual forbearance, and political unity formed the basis for the eighteenth-century movement known as the ________.

The condemnation of ___________ by Roman Catholic authorities in 1633 is the single most famous incident of conflict between modern science and religious institutions.

Baroque art aligned with the ideas of the scientific revolution because it ________.

What ends, religious or secular, did baroque art meet? How does the artwork of the time coincide with the natural sciences and changes in culture that existed in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries? Explain.

Most Ptolemaic writers assumed the earth was the center of the universe, an outlook known as _______________.

Charles I's employment of Rubens illustrated to the people of England that ________.

The heliocentric universe was introduced by ________.

In Locke's view, the relationship between rulers and the governed has its foundation in __________.

Traditional beliefs and superstitions remained solidly in place in the culture and led to the eruption of panics and ________ in almost every Western land.

Galileo named the moons of Jupiter after the Medicis because ________.

Francis Bacon argued that there were two books of divine revelation, the Bible and nature, and that the two books must be compatible because both shared the same ____________.