Exam 9: The Late Middle Ages: Social and Political Breakdown (1300–1453)

The Black Death found its way into Europe via ________.

Wealthy landowners in medieval Russia were known as _______.

How did the Hundred Years' War contribute to the growth of nationalism and the centralization of political power in both France and England?

Joan of Arc was executed on May 30, 1431 for the crime of ________.

Between 1243 and 1480, Russia was ruled by ________.

The year 1300 was deemed a __________ year by Pope Boniface VIII, which meant that all Catholics who visited Rome and fulfilled certain conditions had the penalties for their unrepented sins remitted.

Ultimately, the Hundred Years' War was about ________.

In 1355, in a bid to secure funds for the war, the French king turned to the ____________, a representative council of townspeople, clergy, and nobles.

Advocates of the ________________ sought to fashion a church in which a representative council could effectively regulate the actions of the pope.

Centuries of Christian propaganda had bred hatred toward _________, and they were therefore cast as scapegoats for the spreading plague.

What were the causes of the Hundred Years' War? Could any of these factors have been avoided or was war inevitable? Explain.

___________ was the teaching that the efficacy of the church's sacraments did not only lie in their true performance, but also depended on the moral character of the clergy who administered them.

In 1296, the papal bull titled ___________ prohibited taxation of the clergy by secular rulers without papal approval.

In 1309, Clement V moved the papal court to ___________, an imperial city on the southeastern border of France.

Discuss the roles of John Huss and John Wycliffe in the lay religious movements that were disavowed by the late medieval church.Why might the church feel threatened by these movements? What explains their response?

The first great battle of the Hundred Years' War took place in the _____________ on June 23, 1340.

One of the most extreme reactions to the spreading plague were processions of __________, religious fanatics who beat themselves in ritual penance.

The French monarchs were particularly outraged by English control of any traditional French land because it ________.

Golden ________ was the name for the segment of the Mongol Empire that included the steppe region of what is today southern Russia.

What caused the Black Death (bubonic plague), and why did it spread so quickly throughout Western Europe? Where was it most virulent? What does the case of the Black Death suggest about the role disease may play in shaping history?