Question 1

The Guthrie test is used to diagnose:

Accepted Answer

A) Galactosemia 
B) Ornithine transcarboxylase deficiency 
C) Glycogen storage disase 
D) Phenylketonuria 
A) Galactosemia 
B) Ornithine transcarboxylase deficiency 
C) Glycogen storage disase 
D) Phenylketonuria

Question 2

A 25-year old female patient recovering from surgery to correct an intestinal obstruction needs complete bowel rest which necessitates the use of Total Parenteral Nutrition (TPN). The patient was 10 pounds underweight prior to surgery and is occasionally febrile. Which of the following formulations would be most appropriate for this patient?

Accepted Answer

A) 30 kcals, 1 g protein, 30 ml fluid per kg/body weight;100 mg vitamin C, 5 mg zinc per day 
B) 45 kcals, 2 g protein, 35 ml fluid per kg/body weight; 200 mg vitamin C, 6 mg zinc per day 
C) 60 kcals, 3 g protein, 40 ml fluid per kg/body weight; 500 mg vitamin C, 10 mg zinc per day 
D) None of the above 
A) 30 kcals, 1 g protein, 30 ml fluid per kg/body weight;100 mg vitamin C, 5 mg zinc per day 
B) 45 kcals, 2 g protein, 35 ml fluid per kg/body weight; 200 mg vitamin C, 6 mg zinc per day 
C) 60 kcals, 3 g protein, 40 ml fluid per kg/body weight; 500 mg vitamin C, 10 mg zinc per day 
D) None of the above

Question 3

Which of the following measures are used to calculate serum osmolality?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium, chloride, and glucose 
B) Sodium, potassium, and magnesium 
C) Sodium, lactic acid, and glutamine 
D) Sodium, glucose, and BUN 
A) Sodium, chloride, and glucose 
B) Sodium, potassium, and magnesium 
C) Sodium, lactic acid, and glutamine 
D) Sodium, glucose, and BUN

Question 4

The digestive hormone gastrin exerts all of the following effects except:

Accepted Answer

A) Increased esophageal sphincter pressure 
B) Decreased pepsinogen production by the stomach 
C) Increased gallbladder contraction 
D) Increased HCL production by the parietal cells 
A) Increased esophageal sphincter pressure 
B) Decreased pepsinogen production by the stomach 
C) Increased gallbladder contraction 
D) Increased HCL production by the parietal cells

Question 5

Food intolerance is distinguished from food allergy in what way:

Accepted Answer

A) Food intolerance is diagnosed by challenge tests. 
B) One of the causes of food intolerance is the passage of intact proteins across the gastrointestinal tract. 
C) There is no immunologic reaction with food intolerance. 
D) The body uses cellular immunity to combat food intolerance. 
A) Food intolerance is diagnosed by challenge tests. 
B) One of the causes of food intolerance is the passage of intact proteins across the gastrointestinal tract. 
C) There is no immunologic reaction with food intolerance. 
D) The body uses cellular immunity to combat food intolerance.

Question 6

A 16-year old teenage girl with Type I diabetes seeks counseling for erratic blood glucose levels. She is on the school track team and works out in the afternoons for 1 ½ hours. Her meal plan consists of 3 meals, a pre-exercise snack of one fruit, and a bedtime snack of ½ cup cereal and 1 cup of milk. Her insulin regimen is 3 units of regular insulin before breakfast and 2 units of regular insulin before dinner, and equal amounts of NPH mid-morning and at bedtime. Lately her pre-dinner blood glucose levels have been low. What would be the most effective nutrition intervention for her?

Accepted Answer

A) Reduce the mid-morning NPH insulin by one unit and add a protein exchange to the afternoon snack. 
B) Increase the bedtime insulin and add another bread exchange to the bedtime snack. 
C) Reduce the afternoon exercise to 45 minutes and have her carry fruit juice with her in case she feels dizzy or weak. 
D) A & B 
A) Reduce the mid-morning NPH insulin by one unit and add a protein exchange to the afternoon snack. 
B) Increase the bedtime insulin and add another bread exchange to the bedtime snack. 
C) Reduce the afternoon exercise to 45 minutes and have her carry fruit juice with her in case she feels dizzy or weak. 
D) A & B

Question 7

Nutritional therapy for AIDS/HIV infection includes which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Supplementation with ginseng and other herbs 
B) Avoidance of raw fruits and vegetables 
C) Protein intake of 0.8-1.2 g/kg per day 
D) Use of milk-based shakes to boost caloric intake 
A) Supplementation with ginseng and other herbs 
B) Avoidance of raw fruits and vegetables 
C) Protein intake of 0.8-1.2 g/kg per day 
D) Use of milk-based shakes to boost caloric intake

Question 8

Nutrient needs of infants diagnosed with bronchopulmonary dysplasia:

Accepted Answer

A) Are linked with linear growth 
B) May include a resting energy expenditure 50% higher than that of normal infants 
C) May include use of diuretics to regulate water balance 
D) All of the above 
A) Are linked with linear growth 
B) May include a resting energy expenditure 50% higher than that of normal infants 
C) May include use of diuretics to regulate water balance 
D) All of the above

Question 9

Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) is released in response to:

Accepted Answer

A) Decreased serum osmolality 
B) Increased serum osmolality 
C) Decreased urinary urea nitrogen 
D) Increased urinary urea nitrogen 
A) Decreased serum osmolality 
B) Increased serum osmolality 
C) Decreased urinary urea nitrogen 
D) Increased urinary urea nitrogen

Question 10

Which of the following is true for reactive hypoglycemia?

Accepted Answer

A) It is defined as a plasma glucose level less than 70 mg/dl. 
B) It is treated with a diet high in complex carbohydrates. 
C) It is diagnosed by measuring blood glucose levels one hour after eating. 
D) Peak insulin activity occurs 90-180 minutes after food is eaten. 
A) It is defined as a plasma glucose level less than 70 mg/dl. 
B) It is treated with a diet high in complex carbohydrates. 
C) It is diagnosed by measuring blood glucose levels one hour after eating. 
D) Peak insulin activity occurs 90-180 minutes after food is eaten.

Question 11

The following nutrition diagnosis is written in what type of format: "Poor glycemic control is related to skipping use of oral hypoglycemic agents as evidenced by random blood glucose levels greater than 200 mg/dl".

Accepted Answer

A) SOAP note 
B) POMR 
C) PES statement 
D) Continuity of care record 
A) SOAP note 
B) POMR 
C) PES statement 
D) Continuity of care record

Question 12

Which of the following is not true about a low serum albumin level?

Accepted Answer

A) It may be associated with ascites. 
B) It may be an indicator of kwashiorkor. 
C) It may be used to diagnosis esophageal reflux. 
D) It is commonly seen in nephrotic syndrome. 
A) It may be associated with ascites. 
B) It may be an indicator of kwashiorkor. 
C) It may be used to diagnosis esophageal reflux. 
D) It is commonly seen in nephrotic syndrome.

Question 13

The DASH diet is often used to treat:

Accepted Answer

A) Diabetes mellitus 
B) Hypertension 
C) Nephritis 
D) Hepatitis 
A) Diabetes mellitus 
B) Hypertension 
C) Nephritis 
D) Hepatitis

Question 14

Dumping syndrome is associated with:

Accepted Answer

A) Osmotic movement of water into the jejunum due to the presence of carbohydrate 
B) Reactive hypoglycemia 
C) Gastric resection surgery 
D) All of the above 
A) Osmotic movement of water into the jejunum due to the presence of carbohydrate 
B) Reactive hypoglycemia 
C) Gastric resection surgery 
D) All of the above

Question 15

Treatment goals for cystic fibrosis include:

Accepted Answer

A) Pancreatic enzyme replacement 
B) Increased energy, protein, and fat intakes 
C) Sodium restriction 
D) A & B 
A) Pancreatic enzyme replacement 
B) Increased energy, protein, and fat intakes 
C) Sodium restriction 
D) A & B

Question 16

Impaired glucose tolerance is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A) Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) > 140 mg/dl 
B) 2-hour plasma glucose between 140-199 mg/dl 
C) Casual plasma glucose of 200 mg/dl or greater 
D) An HbA1c level of 6 or greater 
A) Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) > 140 mg/dl 
B) 2-hour plasma glucose between 140-199 mg/dl 
C) Casual plasma glucose of 200 mg/dl or greater 
D) An HbA1c level of 6 or greater

Question 17

Which of the following is a common side effect of immunosuppressive drug therapy used in organ transplantation?

Accepted Answer

A) Sodium and fluid diuresis 
B) Hyperphosphatemia 
C) Hyperkalemia 
D) Decreased vitamin C requirements 
A) Sodium and fluid diuresis 
B) Hyperphosphatemia 
C) Hyperkalemia 
D) Decreased vitamin C requirements

Question 18

Age-associated bone loss among the elderly:

Accepted Answer

A) Is always reversed with calcium supplementation 
B) Can be prevented by cardiovascular exercise such as swimming 
C) Affects both trabecular and cortical bone 
D) May be slowed by the use of steroid drugs 
A) Is always reversed with calcium supplementation 
B) Can be prevented by cardiovascular exercise such as swimming 
C) Affects both trabecular and cortical bone 
D) May be slowed by the use of steroid drugs

Question 19

Stomatitis is treated with which of the following dietary interventions?

Accepted Answer

A) Supplementation with iron 
B) Clear liquid diet 
C) Avoidance of acidic and spicy foods 
D) A & C 
A) Supplementation with iron 
B) Clear liquid diet 
C) Avoidance of acidic and spicy foods 
D) A & C

Question 20

The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) has which of the following objectives?

Accepted Answer

A) Ongoing collection of health data from Americans < 65 years of age 
B) Identification of low birth weight infants 
C) Treatment for elevated blood lipid levels 
D) Collection of dietary data using 24-hour recalls 
A) Ongoing collection of health data from Americans < 65 years of age 
B) Identification of low birth weight infants 
C) Treatment for elevated blood lipid levels 
D) Collection of dietary data using 24-hour recalls

Exam 1: American Clinical Board of Nutrition