Exam 1: The Birth of Civilization

Shortly before 1500, the process of smelting ________ was discovered.

The Persians adopted ________ as their official language, the most common language of Middle Eastern commerce.

The Babylonian King ________ is best known for the collection of laws he created that bears his name.

The Greek historian ________ analyzed and explained human behavior completely in terms of human nature and chance, leaving no place for the gods or supernatural forces.

The earliest Neolithic societies appeared in ________.

When the Nile floodwaters receded each year, they left ________.

What was revealed in the Code of Hammurabi?

The city of Assur had first been a center for trade, but then became a(n) ________ power during the fourteenth century b.c.e.

Modern scholars view the Hebrew Bible as ________.

The Sumerians developed the first known system for writing, made up of thousands of characters that represented both words and ________.

Which three religions trace their origins to the people who arrived in Palestine a little before 1200 b.c.e.?

Assyrian rulers relied on a system that used governors and military governors because of their empire's ________.

The collapse of the Old Kingdom in about 2200 b.c.e.resulted in the First Intermediate Period.This was followed by the Second Intermediate Period in approximately 1630 b.c.e.-a time of imperial glory.Compare and contrast these two periods.

What factor contributed most to the success of the Second Assyrian Empire?

What two factors led to the downfall of the kingdom of Ur?

The Persians learned and borrowed from those they encountered and conquered, especially from ________.

The Hebrews, Babylonians, and Egyptians differed in certain specifics, but all held the general idea that cosmic order, human survival, and ________ all depended on divine will.

By the early seventh century b.c.e., under the leadership of ________, the Medes and Babylonians successfully destroyed the Assyrian Empire.

The largest group of laws in the Code of Hammurabi, showing Hammurabi's main focus, was on ________.

What became the chief religion of the Persians by the middle of the sixth century b.c.e.?