Question 1

Which of the following statements about teacher-student relationships is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Well-behaved, high-achieving students typically get less support from teachers because they are not as needy as other students. 
B)  Overall, low-SES students have more sensitive and supportive relationships with teachers. 
C)  Warm, low-conflict teacher-student relationships have an especially strong impact on the achievement of children at risk for learning disabilities. 
D)  Teachers tend to interact in the same way with all children, regardless of student behavior or achievement. 
A)  Well-behaved, high-achieving students typically get less support from teachers because they are not as needy as other students. 
B)  Overall, low-SES students have more sensitive and supportive relationships with teachers. 
C)  Warm, low-conflict teacher-student relationships have an especially strong impact on the achievement of children at risk for learning disabilities. 
D)  Teachers tend to interact in the same way with all children, regardless of student behavior or achievement.

Question 2

When studying for a test, Peter remembers the unrelated words cellular and canine by generating the following mental image, "The canine is talking on a cellular phone." Which memory strategy is Peter using?

Accepted Answer

A)  rehearsal 
B)  organization 
C)  elaboration 
D)  chunking 
A)  rehearsal 
B)  organization 
C)  elaboration 
D)  chunking

Question 3

When asked to define "bicycle," Emi said, "It's got wheels, a chain, and handlebars." Emi is probably a

Accepted Answer

A)  preschooler. 
B)  first grader. 
C)  fourth grader. 
D)  sixth grader. 
A)  preschooler. 
B)  first grader. 
C)  fourth grader. 
D)  sixth grader.

Question 4

Carter is highly talented and accomplished in art and music. His parents are likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  be warm, sensitive, and reasonably demanding. 
B)  be highly intelligent. 
C)  arrange for rigorous, demanding teachers when he is young. 
D)  have strict rules and high expectations. 
A)  be warm, sensitive, and reasonably demanding. 
B)  be highly intelligent. 
C)  arrange for rigorous, demanding teachers when he is young. 
D)  have strict rules and high expectations.

Question 5

On the basis of cross-cultural research, some investigators have concluded that the forms of logic required by Piagetian tasks

Accepted Answer

A)  emerge earlier in collectivist than individualist cultures. 
B)  emerge spontaneously in children from diverse cultures. 
C)  are heavily influenced by heredity. 
D)  are heavily influenced by training, context, and cultural conditions. 
A)  emerge earlier in collectivist than individualist cultures. 
B)  emerge spontaneously in children from diverse cultures. 
C)  are heavily influenced by heredity. 
D)  are heavily influenced by training, context, and cultural conditions.

Question 6

Which of the following statements about group differences in IQ scores of American children is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  American white children score, on average, 4 to 8 IQ points below American black children. 
B)  American black children fall midway between white and Hispanic children in average IQ score. 
C)  Although the difference in IQ scores between black and white children has been shrinking over the past several decades, a substantial gap remains. 
D)  The difference in IQ scores between black and white children has grown significantly over the past several decades. 
A)  American white children score, on average, 4 to 8 IQ points below American black children. 
B)  American black children fall midway between white and Hispanic children in average IQ score. 
C)  Although the difference in IQ scores between black and white children has been shrinking over the past several decades, a substantial gap remains. 
D)  The difference in IQ scores between black and white children has grown significantly over the past several decades.

Question 7

Many gifted children and adolescents

Accepted Answer

A)  are socially isolated. 
B)  have high self-esteem. 
C)  display creativity in many unrelated areas. 
D)  have driving and overambitious parents. 
A)  are socially isolated. 
B)  have high self-esteem. 
C)  display creativity in many unrelated areas. 
D)  have driving and overambitious parents.

Question 8

Mrs. Noneman directs her children to each carry out an aspect of a task. Each child is expected to work independently. Mrs. Noneman prefers a(n) __________ style of communication.

Accepted Answer

A)  collaborative 
B)  hierarchical 
C)  abstract 
D)  authoritarian 
A)  collaborative 
B)  hierarchical 
C)  abstract 
D)  authoritarian

Question 9

Nianzu quickly applies learning and memory strategies to new situations and engages in self-regulation. According to Sternberg, Nianzu excels in __________ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A)  analytical 
B)  creative 
C)  practical 
D)  experiential 
A)  analytical 
B)  creative 
C)  practical 
D)  experiential

Question 10

Adoption studies consistently reveal that

Accepted Answer

A)  about three-quarters of the differences in IQ among children can be traced to their genetic makeup. 
B)  when young children are adopted into caring, stimulating homes, their IQs rise substantially. 
C)  adopted children of low-IQ biological mothers score below average on IQ tests during the school years. 
D)  adopted children score, on average, 15 to 20 points lower in IQ than their nonadopted agemates. 
A)  about three-quarters of the differences in IQ among children can be traced to their genetic makeup. 
B)  when young children are adopted into caring, stimulating homes, their IQs rise substantially. 
C)  adopted children of low-IQ biological mothers score below average on IQ tests during the school years. 
D)  adopted children score, on average, 15 to 20 points lower in IQ than their nonadopted agemates.

Question 11

Because individuals show uneven ability across academic subjects, definitions of giftedness have been expanded to include

Accepted Answer

A)  resourcefulness. 
B)  divergence. 
C)  achievement. 
D)  talent. 
A)  resourcefulness. 
B)  divergence. 
C)  achievement. 
D)  talent.

Question 12

Mrs. Hartley asked her second graders to draw a map of the school using their memory. The students' cognitive maps will probably

Accepted Answer

A)  have an accurate arrangement. 
B)  include landmarks. 
C)  incorporate map symbols and a key. 
D)  depict an organized route of travel. 
A)  have an accurate arrangement. 
B)  include landmarks. 
C)  incorporate map symbols and a key. 
D)  depict an organized route of travel.

Question 13

Which of the following statements about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Boys are diagnosed three to nine times as often as girls. 
B)  Girls are diagnosed twice as often as boys. 
C)  ADHD affects about 15 percent of U.S. school children. 
D)  All children with ADHD are hyperactive. 
A)  Boys are diagnosed three to nine times as often as girls. 
B)  Girls are diagnosed twice as often as boys. 
C)  ADHD affects about 15 percent of U.S. school children. 
D)  All children with ADHD are hyperactive.

Question 14

Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence is comprised of which of the following three broad, interacting intelligences?

Accepted Answer

A)  experiential, interpersonal, and academic 
B)  fluid, crystallized, and social 
C)  contextual, verbal, and spatial 
D)  analytical, creative, and practical 
A)  experiential, interpersonal, and academic 
B)  fluid, crystallized, and social 
C)  contextual, verbal, and spatial 
D)  analytical, creative, and practical

Question 15

As the prefrontal cortex develops in middle childhood, executive function undergoes marked improvement and children make gains in

Accepted Answer

A)  information-processing speed. 
B)  information-processing capacity. 
C)  strategic thinking. 
D)  rehearsing. 
A)  information-processing speed. 
B)  information-processing capacity. 
C)  strategic thinking. 
D)  rehearsing.

Question 16

In international studies of reading, mathematics, and science achievement, U.S. students typically perform

Accepted Answer

A)  better than students in Korea and Japan. 
B)  better than students in Canada and the Netherlands. 
C)  above the international averages. 
D)  at or below the international averages. 
A)  better than students in Korea and Japan. 
B)  better than students in Canada and the Netherlands. 
C)  above the international averages. 
D)  at or below the international averages.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about children with very low working-memory scores is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  About 30 percent of children have very low working-memory scores. 
B)  They can benefit from direct training with working memory tasks. 
C)  Children from economically advantaged families are likely to score low on working-memory tasks. 
D)  The majority of children with low working-memory scores improve without intervention. 
A)  About 30 percent of children have very low working-memory scores. 
B)  They can benefit from direct training with working memory tasks. 
C)  Children from economically advantaged families are likely to score low on working-memory tasks. 
D)  The majority of children with low working-memory scores improve without intervention.

Question 18

Five to 10 percent of school-age children have

Accepted Answer

A)  mild intellectual disabilities. 
B)  IQs above 130. 
C)  learning disabilities. 
D)  autism. 
A)  mild intellectual disabilities. 
B)  IQs above 130. 
C)  learning disabilities. 
D)  autism.

Question 19

A major shortcoming of the componential approach is that it

Accepted Answer

A)  focuses too much on cultural bias in intelligence testing. 
B)  regards intelligence as entirely due to causes within the child. 
C)  has not generated enough research. 
D)  does not try to uncover the underlying basis of IQ. 
A)  focuses too much on cultural bias in intelligence testing. 
B)  regards intelligence as entirely due to causes within the child. 
C)  has not generated enough research. 
D)  does not try to uncover the underlying basis of IQ.

Question 20

Accordingly to Case, once the schemes of a Piagetian stage are sufficiently automatic and integrated into an improved representation, children acquire __________ that permit them to think more effectively in a wide range of situations.

Accepted Answer

A)  abstract ideas 
B)  primary systems 
C)  discontinuous structures 
D)  central conceptual structures 
A)  abstract ideas 
B)  primary systems 
C)  discontinuous structures 
D)  central conceptual structures

Which of the following statements about teacher-student relationships is true?

When studying for a test, Peter remembers the unrelated words cellular and canine by generating the following mental image, "The canine is talking on a cellular phone." Which memory strategy is Peter using?

When asked to define "bicycle," Emi said, "It's got wheels, a chain, and handlebars." Emi is probably a

Carter is highly talented and accomplished in art and music. His parents are likely to

On the basis of cross-cultural research, some investigators have concluded that the forms of logic required by Piagetian tasks

Which of the following statements about group differences in IQ scores of American children is true?

Many gifted children and adolescents

Mrs. Noneman directs her children to each carry out an aspect of a task. Each child is expected to work independently. Mrs. Noneman prefers a(n) __________ style of communication.

Nianzu quickly applies learning and memory strategies to new situations and engages in self-regulation. According to Sternberg, Nianzu excels in __________ intelligence.

Adoption studies consistently reveal that

Because individuals show uneven ability across academic subjects, definitions of giftedness have been expanded to include

Mrs. Hartley asked her second graders to draw a map of the school using their memory. The students' cognitive maps will probably

Which of the following statements about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is true?

Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence is comprised of which of the following three broad, interacting intelligences?

As the prefrontal cortex develops in middle childhood, executive function undergoes marked improvement and children make gains in

In international studies of reading, mathematics, and science achievement, U.S. students typically perform

Which of the following statements about children with very low working-memory scores is true?

Five to 10 percent of school-age children have

A major shortcoming of the componential approach is that it

Accordingly to Case, once the schemes of a Piagetian stage are sufficiently automatic and integrated into an improved representation, children acquire __________ that permit them to think more effectively in a wide range of situations.

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

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Exam 12: Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Which of the following statements about teacher-student relationships is true?

When studying for a test, Peter remembers the unrelated words cellular and canine by generating the following mental image, "The canine is talking on a cellular phone." Which memory strategy is Peter using?

When asked to define "bicycle," Emi said, "It's got wheels, a chain, and handlebars." Emi is probably a

Carter is highly talented and accomplished in art and music. His parents are likely to

On the basis of cross-cultural research, some investigators have concluded that the forms of logic required by Piagetian tasks

Which of the following statements about group differences in IQ scores of American children is true?

Many gifted children and adolescents

Mrs. Noneman directs her children to each carry out an aspect of a task. Each child is expected to work independently. Mrs. Noneman prefers a(n) __________ style of communication.

Nianzu quickly applies learning and memory strategies to new situations and engages in self-regulation. According to Sternberg, Nianzu excels in __________ intelligence.

Adoption studies consistently reveal that

Because individuals show uneven ability across academic subjects, definitions of giftedness have been expanded to include

Mrs. Hartley asked her second graders to draw a map of the school using their memory. The students' cognitive maps will probably

Which of the following statements about attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is true?

Sternberg's triarchic theory of successful intelligence is comprised of which of the following three broad, interacting intelligences?

As the prefrontal cortex develops in middle childhood, executive function undergoes marked improvement and children make gains in

In international studies of reading, mathematics, and science achievement, U.S. students typically perform

Which of the following statements about children with very low working-memory scores is true?

Five to 10 percent of school-age children have

A major shortcoming of the componential approach is that it

Accordingly to Case, once the schemes of a Piagetian stage are sufficiently automatic and integrated into an improved representation, children acquire __________ that permit them to think more effectively in a wide range of situations.

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters