Question 1

Which of the following is an activity associated with experience-expectant brain growth?

Accepted Answer

A)  coloring a picture 
B)  playing peekaboo 
C)  learning to ride a bike 
D)  playing the piano 
A)  coloring a picture 
B)  playing peekaboo 
C)  learning to ride a bike 
D)  playing the piano

Question 2

Define size and shape constancy, and explain how they contribute to infants' perception of objects.

Accepted Answer

The images that objects cast on our reti

Question 3

Baby Alfredo looks more intensely at a checkerboard with large black and white squares rather than one with smaller gray and white squares. Alfredo is demonstrating

Accepted Answer

A)  contrast sensitivity. 
B)  sensitivity to pictorial depth cues. 
C)  proprioception. 
D)  sensitivity to the visual cliff. 
A)  contrast sensitivity. 
B)  sensitivity to pictorial depth cues. 
C)  proprioception. 
D)  sensitivity to the visual cliff.

Question 4

In a highly plastic cerebral cortex,

Accepted Answer

A)  the areas of the brain are strongly committed to specific functions, and there is a high capacity for learning. 
B)  if a part of the cortex is damaged, other parts can take over the tasks it would have handled. 
C)  spatial skills develop more rapidly than language skills and are easier to recover after injury. 
D)  the right and left hemispheres of the brain have become strongly lateralized. 
A)  the areas of the brain are strongly committed to specific functions, and there is a high capacity for learning. 
B)  if a part of the cortex is damaged, other parts can take over the tasks it would have handled. 
C)  spatial skills develop more rapidly than language skills and are easier to recover after injury. 
D)  the right and left hemispheres of the brain have become strongly lateralized.

Question 5

Which of the following statements demonstrates the cephalocaudal trend?

Accepted Answer

A)  During infancy and childhood, the legs and arms grow somewhat ahead of the hands and feet. 
B)  At birth, the head takes up one-fourth of total body length, the legs only one-third. 
C)  In the prenatal period, the head, chest, and trunk grow first; then the arms and legs; and finally the hands and feet. 
D)  During infancy and childhood, the hands and feet grow somewhat ahead of the fingers and toes. 
A)  During infancy and childhood, the legs and arms grow somewhat ahead of the hands and feet. 
B)  At birth, the head takes up one-fourth of total body length, the legs only one-third. 
C)  In the prenatal period, the head, chest, and trunk grow first; then the arms and legs; and finally the hands and feet. 
D)  During infancy and childhood, the hands and feet grow somewhat ahead of the fingers and toes.

Question 6

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)

Accepted Answer

A)  enables identification of general regions of stimulus-induced activity. 
B)  detects changes in electrical brain-wave activity in the cerebral cortex. 
C)  is appropriate for infants and young children, who can move within limited range during testing. 
D)  records the frequency and amplitude of brain waves in response to particular stimuli using the EEG. 
A)  enables identification of general regions of stimulus-induced activity. 
B)  detects changes in electrical brain-wave activity in the cerebral cortex. 
C)  is appropriate for infants and young children, who can move within limited range during testing. 
D)  records the frequency and amplitude of brain waves in response to particular stimuli using the EEG.

Question 7

Experience-expectant brain growth

Accepted Answer

A)  is a result of specific learning experiences that vary widely across cultures. 
B)  usually occurs later than experience-dependent brain growth. 
C)  occurs naturally, as caregivers engage babies in enjoyable daily routines. 
D)  provides mastery of skills that depend on extensive training. 
A)  is a result of specific learning experiences that vary widely across cultures. 
B)  usually occurs later than experience-dependent brain growth. 
C)  occurs naturally, as caregivers engage babies in enjoyable daily routines. 
D)  provides mastery of skills that depend on extensive training.

Question 8

Newly walking babies

Accepted Answer

A)  fall infrequently because they figured out depth cues during the crawling phase. 
B)  will careen over uneven surfaces without making necessary postural adjustments. 
C)  know how to turn their bodies to accommodate a narrow passageway. 
D)  are less likely to find hidden objects than experienced sitters who do not crawl. 
A)  fall infrequently because they figured out depth cues during the crawling phase. 
B)  will careen over uneven surfaces without making necessary postural adjustments. 
C)  know how to turn their bodies to accommodate a narrow passageway. 
D)  are less likely to find hidden objects than experienced sitters who do not crawl.

Question 9

In classical conditioning, once a baby's nervous system makes the connection between two stimuli, the __________ stimulus produces __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  conditioned; a neutral response 
B)  conditioned; a reflexive response 
C)  unconditioned; an unconditioned response 
D)  neutral; the behavior by itself 
A)  conditioned; a neutral response 
B)  conditioned; a reflexive response 
C)  unconditioned; an unconditioned response 
D)  neutral; the behavior by itself

Question 10

At age 2, which of the following children is most likely to be ahead of the others in skeletal age?

Accepted Answer

A)  Randy, a Caucasian-American boy 
B)  Ruby, an African-American girl 
C)  Armand, an African-American boy 
D)  Nguyen, an Asian boy 
A)  Randy, a Caucasian-American boy 
B)  Ruby, an African-American girl 
C)  Armand, an African-American boy 
D)  Nguyen, an Asian boy

Question 11

Which of the following facelike drawings is newborn Rori most likely to prefer?

Accepted Answer

A)  one with the features arranged upright 
B)  one with the features arranged upside down 
C)  one with the features arranged sideways 
D)  one with eyes closed and no mouth 
A)  one with the features arranged upright 
B)  one with the features arranged upside down 
C)  one with the features arranged sideways 
D)  one with eyes closed and no mouth

Question 12

Reaching is largely controlled by

Accepted Answer

A)  hand-eye coordination. 
B)  gross-motor development. 
C)  vision and hearing. 
D)  our sense of movement and location in space. 
A)  hand-eye coordination. 
B)  gross-motor development. 
C)  vision and hearing. 
D)  our sense of movement and location in space.

Question 13

In operant conditioning, a(n) __________ increases the occurrence of a response.

Accepted Answer

A)  neutral stimulus 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  reinforcer 
D)  unconditioned stimulus 
A)  neutral stimulus 
B)  conditioned stimulus 
C)  reinforcer 
D)  unconditioned stimulus

Question 14

Nicole is considering sending her 8-month-old son Austin to a new academic learning center where infants are trained with letter and number flash cards. You can advise Nicole that

Accepted Answer

A)  Austin will likely score 10 to 15 points higher in IQ than agemates who attend traditional early childhood programs. 
B)  although this program will not likely raise Austin's IQ, it will probably help him learn to read more quickly. 
C)  this program is as effective as a traditional early childhood program in promoting cognitive development. 
D)  this program could overwhelm Austin and cause him to withdraw, thereby threatening his interest in learning. 
A)  Austin will likely score 10 to 15 points higher in IQ than agemates who attend traditional early childhood programs. 
B)  although this program will not likely raise Austin's IQ, it will probably help him learn to read more quickly. 
C)  this program is as effective as a traditional early childhood program in promoting cognitive development. 
D)  this program could overwhelm Austin and cause him to withdraw, thereby threatening his interest in learning.

Question 15

__________ improves the efficiency of message transfer.

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulation 
B)  Synaptic pruning 
C)  Tomography 
D)  Myelination 
A)  Stimulation 
B)  Synaptic pruning 
C)  Tomography 
D)  Myelination

Question 16

In James Galloway and Esther Thelen's microgenetic study following babies from their first attempts until skill mastery, the infants

Accepted Answer

A)  scooted before crawling. 
B)  first explored the toys with their feet. 
C)  violated the proximodistal trend. 
D)  required adult instruction to acquire motor skills. 
A)  scooted before crawling. 
B)  first explored the toys with their feet. 
C)  violated the proximodistal trend. 
D)  required adult instruction to acquire motor skills.

Question 17

Which of the following statements about changes in body size over the first two years of life is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Infants and toddlers have remarkably similar physical capabilities. 
B)  By the end of the second year, a typical infant's height is about 36 inches. 
C)  Typically, by five months of age, birth weight has tripled. 
D)  An average 1-year-old's height is 75 percent greater than at birth. 
A)  Infants and toddlers have remarkably similar physical capabilities. 
B)  By the end of the second year, a typical infant's height is about 36 inches. 
C)  Typically, by five months of age, birth weight has tripled. 
D)  An average 1-year-old's height is 75 percent greater than at birth.

Question 18

Osita is a 4-year-old Ethiopian boy. He survived kwashiorkor and was recently adopted by a Canadian couple. Osita will probably

Accepted Answer

A)  continue to undereat even when food is plentiful. 
B)  gain very little weight as his diet improves. 
C)  have an average to high basal metabolism rate. 
D)  suffer from lasting damage to the brain, heart, or other organs. 
A)  continue to undereat even when food is plentiful. 
B)  gain very little weight as his diet improves. 
C)  have an average to high basal metabolism rate. 
D)  suffer from lasting damage to the brain, heart, or other organs.

Question 19

Which of the following statements about brain development is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  At birth, the brain is nearly 70 percent of its adult weight. 
B)  By age 2, the brain is approximately 50 percent of its adult weight. 
C)  Brain growth is especially rapid in the first year, when the brain more than doubles in size. 
D)  Brain development is complete by the end of the first year. 
A)  At birth, the brain is nearly 70 percent of its adult weight. 
B)  By age 2, the brain is approximately 50 percent of its adult weight. 
C)  Brain growth is especially rapid in the first year, when the brain more than doubles in size. 
D)  Brain development is complete by the end of the first year.

Question 20

Between 6 and 8 months, infants

Accepted Answer

A)  become sensitive to syllable stress patterns in foreign languages. 
B)  start to "screen out" sounds not used in their native tongue. 
C)  do not yet recognize familiar words in spoken passages. 
D)  prefer listening to a foreign language than their own language. 
A)  become sensitive to syllable stress patterns in foreign languages. 
B)  start to "screen out" sounds not used in their native tongue. 
C)  do not yet recognize familiar words in spoken passages. 
D)  prefer listening to a foreign language than their own language.

Which of the following is an activity associated with experience-expectant brain growth?

Define size and shape constancy, and explain how they contribute to infants' perception of objects.

Baby Alfredo looks more intensely at a checkerboard with large black and white squares rather than one with smaller gray and white squares. Alfredo is demonstrating

In a highly plastic cerebral cortex,

Which of the following statements demonstrates the cephalocaudal trend?

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)

Experience-expectant brain growth

Newly walking babies

In classical conditioning, once a baby's nervous system makes the connection between two stimuli, the stimulus produces .

At age 2, which of the following children is most likely to be ahead of the others in skeletal age?

Which of the following facelike drawings is newborn Rori most likely to prefer?

Reaching is largely controlled by

In operant conditioning, a(n) __________ increases the occurrence of a response.

Nicole is considering sending her 8-month-old son Austin to a new academic learning center where infants are trained with letter and number flash cards. You can advise Nicole that

__________ improves the efficiency of message transfer.

In James Galloway and Esther Thelen's microgenetic study following babies from their first attempts until skill mastery, the infants

Which of the following statements about changes in body size over the first two years of life is true?

Osita is a 4-year-old Ethiopian boy. He survived kwashiorkor and was recently adopted by a Canadian couple. Osita will probably

Which of the following statements about brain development is true?

Between 6 and 8 months, infants

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

Exam 5: Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Which of the following is an activity associated with experience-expectant brain growth?

Define size and shape constancy, and explain how they contribute to infants' perception of objects.

Baby Alfredo looks more intensely at a checkerboard with large black and white squares rather than one with smaller gray and white squares. Alfredo is demonstrating

In a highly plastic cerebral cortex,

Which of the following statements demonstrates the cephalocaudal trend?

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS)

Experience-expectant brain growth

Newly walking babies

In classical conditioning, once a baby's nervous system makes the connection between two stimuli, the __________ stimulus produces __________.

At age 2, which of the following children is most likely to be ahead of the others in skeletal age?

Which of the following facelike drawings is newborn Rori most likely to prefer?

Reaching is largely controlled by

In operant conditioning, a(n) __________ increases the occurrence of a response.

Nicole is considering sending her 8-month-old son Austin to a new academic learning center where infants are trained with letter and number flash cards. You can advise Nicole that

__________ improves the efficiency of message transfer.

In James Galloway and Esther Thelen's microgenetic study following babies from their first attempts until skill mastery, the infants

Which of the following statements about changes in body size over the first two years of life is true?

Osita is a 4-year-old Ethiopian boy. He survived kwashiorkor and was recently adopted by a Canadian couple. Osita will probably

Which of the following statements about brain development is true?

Between 6 and 8 months, infants

History, Theory, and Research Strategies

Genetic and Environmental Foundations

Prenatal Development

Birth and the Newborn Baby

Cognitive Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Emotional and Social Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Physical Development in Infancy and Toddlerhood

Cognitive Development in Early Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Early Childhood

Physical Development in Middle Childhood

Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood

Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood

Filters

In classical conditioning, once a baby's nervous system makes the connection between two stimuli, the stimulus produces .