Question 1

Pete participates in soccer and is beginning to master fundamental reading and math skills. Pete is probably in which period of human development?

Accepted Answer

A)  adolescence 
B)  middle childhood 
C)  early childhood 
D)  infancy and toddlerhood 
A)  adolescence 
B)  middle childhood 
C)  early childhood 
D)  infancy and toddlerhood

Question 2

Sigmund Freud constructed his psychosexual theory

Accepted Answer

A)  by examining the unconscious motivations of his patients. 
B)  by documenting the dreams of emotionally troubled adults. 
C)  by observing his own children. 
D)  on the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents. 
A)  by examining the unconscious motivations of his patients. 
B)  by documenting the dreams of emotionally troubled adults. 
C)  by observing his own children. 
D)  on the basis of interviews with institutionalized children and adolescents.

Question 3

According to Bronfenbrenner, the environment

Accepted Answer

A)  negatively impacts the breakdown in exosystem activities. 
B)  is a static force. 
C)  is an effective substitute for lack of parental involvement. 
D)  is an ever-changing system. 
A)  negatively impacts the breakdown in exosystem activities. 
B)  is a static force. 
C)  is an effective substitute for lack of parental involvement. 
D)  is an ever-changing system.

Question 4

Theorists who emphasize __________ in explaining individual differences typically stress the importance of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  early experiences; discontinuity 
B)  stability; nurture 
C)  the environment; early experiences 
D)  context; continuity 
A)  early experiences; discontinuity 
B)  stability; nurture 
C)  the environment; early experiences 
D)  context; continuity

Question 5

Compare the United States with other industrialized countries on several indicators of child health and well-being. Why have U.S. public policies safeguarding children and youths lagged behind policies in other developed nations?

Accepted Answer

American children do not fare well compa

Question 6

During adolescence,

Accepted Answer

A)  thought and language expand at an astounding rate. 
B)  young people begin to master academic knowledge and skills. 
C)  young people fully assume adult roles. 
D)  thought becomes abstract and idealistic. 
A)  thought and language expand at an astounding rate. 
B)  young people begin to master academic knowledge and skills. 
C)  young people fully assume adult roles. 
D)  thought becomes abstract and idealistic.

Question 7

To study childhood and adolescent thought, Piaget

Accepted Answer

A)  used psychoanalysis. 
B)  conducted open-ended clinical interviews. 
C)  observed young people from diverse cultures. 
D)  relied on classical and operant conditioning. 
A)  used psychoanalysis. 
B)  conducted open-ended clinical interviews. 
C)  observed young people from diverse cultures. 
D)  relied on classical and operant conditioning.

Question 8

A good theory

Accepted Answer

A)  provides an ultimate truth. 
B)  cannot be scientifically verified. 
C)  describes, explains, and predicts behavior. 
D)  is not influenced by the cultural values or beliefs of its time. 
A)  provides an ultimate truth. 
B)  cannot be scientifically verified. 
C)  describes, explains, and predicts behavior. 
D)  is not influenced by the cultural values or beliefs of its time.

Question 9

Rousseau regarded development as __________ and largely influenced by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  continuous; nature 
B)  continuous; nurture 
C)  discontinuous; nature 
D)  discontinuous; nurture 
A)  continuous; nature 
B)  continuous; nurture 
C)  discontinuous; nature 
D)  discontinuous; nurture

Question 10

Observations of __________ led to the concept of __________ in child development.

Accepted Answer

A)  learned behaviors in dogs; the sensitive period 
B)  imprinting in baby birds; the critical period 
C)  modeling in young mammals; adaptation 
D)  human infant-caregiver attachment; resilience 
A)  learned behaviors in dogs; the sensitive period 
B)  imprinting in baby birds; the critical period 
C)  modeling in young mammals; adaptation 
D)  human infant-caregiver attachment; resilience

Question 11

According to Piaget's theory, cognitive development begins in the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational 
A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational

Question 12

Dynamic systems theorists emphasize that

Accepted Answer

A)  children are driven mainly by instincts and unconscious motives. 
B)  different children master the same skills in unique ways. 
C)  sensitive periods are key to understanding development. 
D)  development can be best understood in terms of its adaptive value. 
A)  children are driven mainly by instincts and unconscious motives. 
B)  different children master the same skills in unique ways. 
C)  sensitive periods are key to understanding development. 
D)  development can be best understood in terms of its adaptive value.

Question 13

Evolutionary developmental psychologists seek to understand the entire __________ system.

Accepted Answer

A)  ecological 
B)  social-cultural 
C)  organism-environment 
D)  genetic 
A)  ecological 
B)  social-cultural 
C)  organism-environment 
D)  genetic

Question 14

In the sixteenth century, __________ prevented most Puritan parents from using extremely repressive child-rearing measures.

Accepted Answer

A)  the belief that children are vulnerable 
B)  religious prohibitions against harsh punishment 
C)  love and affection for their children 
D)  the belief that children are close to angels 
A)  the belief that children are vulnerable 
B)  religious prohibitions against harsh punishment 
C)  love and affection for their children 
D)  the belief that children are close to angels

Question 15

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution emphasizes __________ and __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stage; maturation 
B)  natural selection; stage 
C)  maturation; survival of the fittest 
D)  natural selection; survival of the fittest 
A)  stage; maturation 
B)  natural selection; stage 
C)  maturation; survival of the fittest 
D)  natural selection; survival of the fittest

Question 16

During the Reformation, the Puritans

Accepted Answer

A)  characterized children as innocent and close to angels. 
B)  regarded children as fully mature by the time they were 7 or 8 years old. 
C)  suggested that parents reward children with praise and approval. 
D)  believed that children were born evil and stubborn and had to be civilized. 
A)  characterized children as innocent and close to angels. 
B)  regarded children as fully mature by the time they were 7 or 8 years old. 
C)  suggested that parents reward children with praise and approval. 
D)  believed that children were born evil and stubborn and had to be civilized.

Question 17

If one individual has influenced the contemporary field of child development more than any other, it is

Accepted Answer

A)  Sigmund Freud. 
B)  Erik Erikson. 
C)  B. F. Skinner. 
D)  Jean Piaget. 
A)  Sigmund Freud. 
B)  Erik Erikson. 
C)  B. F. Skinner. 
D)  Jean Piaget.

Question 18

G. Stanley Hall and his student, Arnold Gesell,

Accepted Answer

A)  developed the first intelligence test. 
B)  regarded child development as a maturational process. 
C)  argued that children actively revise their ways of thinking, but also learn through habit. 
D)  were the first researchers to implement behavior modification techniques. 
A)  developed the first intelligence test. 
B)  regarded child development as a maturational process. 
C)  argued that children actively revise their ways of thinking, but also learn through habit. 
D)  were the first researchers to implement behavior modification techniques.

Question 19

Dr. Zettler compares children growing up in non-Western village societies with those growing up in large Western cities. Dr. Zettler likely emphasizes __________ in her research.

Accepted Answer

A)  the nature-nurture controversy 
B)  the effects of distinct contexts on development 
C)  the concept of step-by-step learning 
D)  continuous development 
A)  the nature-nurture controversy 
B)  the effects of distinct contexts on development 
C)  the concept of step-by-step learning 
D)  continuous development

Question 20

Which of the following behaviors is consistent with Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  When working on a math assignment, Michelle tries several solutions before arriving at the correct answer. 
B)  When building a tower with blocks, Ted produces the same guiding comments that his father previously used when helping him build block towers. 
C)  When his mother takes him to the store, Tom is well-behaved because he knows that he will be rewarded with a lollipop. 
D)  When playing in her sandbox, Amy builds the same castle that she saw her friend build yesterday. 
A)  When working on a math assignment, Michelle tries several solutions before arriving at the correct answer. 
B)  When building a tower with blocks, Ted produces the same guiding comments that his father previously used when helping him build block towers. 
C)  When his mother takes him to the store, Tom is well-behaved because he knows that he will be rewarded with a lollipop. 
D)  When playing in her sandbox, Amy builds the same castle that she saw her friend build yesterday.

Pete participates in soccer and is beginning to master fundamental reading and math skills. Pete is probably in which period of human development?

Sigmund Freud constructed his psychosexual theory

According to Bronfenbrenner, the environment

Theorists who emphasize in explaining individual differences typically stress the importance of .

Compare the United States with other industrialized countries on several indicators of child health and well-being. Why have U.S. public policies safeguarding children and youths lagged behind policies in other developed nations?

During adolescence,

To study childhood and adolescent thought, Piaget

A good theory

Rousseau regarded development as and largely influenced by .

Observations of led to the concept of in child development.

According to Piaget's theory, cognitive development begins in the __________ stage.

Dynamic systems theorists emphasize that

Evolutionary developmental psychologists seek to understand the entire __________ system.

In the sixteenth century, __________ prevented most Puritan parents from using extremely repressive child-rearing measures.

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution emphasizes and .

During the Reformation, the Puritans

If one individual has influenced the contemporary field of child development more than any other, it is

G. Stanley Hall and his student, Arnold Gesell,

Dr. Zettler compares children growing up in non-Western village societies with those growing up in large Western cities. Dr. Zettler likely emphasizes __________ in her research.

Which of the following behaviors is consistent with Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Exam 1: History, Theory, and Applied Directions

Pete participates in soccer and is beginning to master fundamental reading and math skills. Pete is probably in which period of human development?

Sigmund Freud constructed his psychosexual theory

According to Bronfenbrenner, the environment

Theorists who emphasize __________ in explaining individual differences typically stress the importance of __________.

Compare the United States with other industrialized countries on several indicators of child health and well-being. Why have U.S. public policies safeguarding children and youths lagged behind policies in other developed nations?

During adolescence,

To study childhood and adolescent thought, Piaget

A good theory

Rousseau regarded development as __________ and largely influenced by __________.

Observations of __________ led to the concept of __________ in child development.

According to Piaget's theory, cognitive development begins in the __________ stage.

Dynamic systems theorists emphasize that

Evolutionary developmental psychologists seek to understand the entire __________ system.

In the sixteenth century, __________ prevented most Puritan parents from using extremely repressive child-rearing measures.

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution emphasizes __________ and __________.

During the Reformation, the Puritans

If one individual has influenced the contemporary field of child development more than any other, it is

G. Stanley Hall and his student, Arnold Gesell,

Dr. Zettler compares children growing up in non-Western village societies with those growing up in large Western cities. Dr. Zettler likely emphasizes __________ in her research.

Which of the following behaviors is consistent with Vygotsky's sociocultural theory?

Research Strategies

Biological Foundations, Prenatal Development, and Birth

Infancy: Early Learning, Motor Skills, and Perceptual Capacities

Physical Growth

Cognitive Development: Piagetian, Core Knowledge, and Vygotskian Perspectives

Cognitive Development: an Information-Processing Perspective

Intelligence

Language Development

Emotional Development

Self and Social Understanding

Moral Development

Development of Sex Differences and Gender Roles

The Family

Peers, Media, and Schooling

Filters

Theorists who emphasize in explaining individual differences typically stress the importance of .

Rousseau regarded development as and largely influenced by .

Observations of led to the concept of in child development.

Charles Darwin's theory of evolution emphasizes and .