Question 1

Experimenters can be most confident in making statements about cause and effect when they conduct research using which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Correlation coefficients 
B) Manipulated independent variables 
C) Nonmanipulated independent variables 
D) Case studies 
A) Correlation coefficients 
B) Manipulated independent variables 
C) Nonmanipulated independent variables 
D) Case studies

Question 2

Which of the following is the correlation coefficient indicating the strongest relationship?

Accepted Answer

A) -.62 
B) .00 
C) .89 
D) -.05 
A) -.62 
B) .00 
C) .89 
D) -.05

Question 3

Define validity. List by name the several kinds of test validity. Discuss each kind of validity by contrasting examples of tests that are low and high in it.

Accepted Answer

Validity refers to the extent to which a

Question 4

When scores from a test correlate with other measures of the same construct,researchers can determine the test's

Accepted Answer

A) face validity. 
B) congruent validity. 
C) construct validity. 
D) discriminant validity. 
A) face validity. 
B) congruent validity. 
C) construct validity. 
D) discriminant validity.

Question 5

When conducting personality research,in most cases a researcher should

Accepted Answer

A) begin with a theory from which the hypothesis is derived. 
B) wait until the results are in before deciding what the hypothesis is. 
C) use the most recent personality tests available. 
D) wait until seeing the data before deciding which theory the results support. 
A) begin with a theory from which the hypothesis is derived. 
B) wait until the results are in before deciding what the hypothesis is. 
C) use the most recent personality tests available. 
D) wait until seeing the data before deciding which theory the results support.

Question 6

A researcher finds that males make fewer errors than females when working in a competitive situation.However,women make fewer errors than men when working in a cooperative situation.This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) a confound. 
B) two manipulated independent variables. 
C) an interaction. 
D) a failure to replicate. 
A) a confound. 
B) two manipulated independent variables. 
C) an interaction. 
D) a failure to replicate.

Question 7

Which of the following is a problem of test validity?

Accepted Answer

A) When test responses are depend on recent events. 
B) When test questions are vague. 
C) When test responses do not reflect the hypothetical constructs being measured. 
D) When similar test responses cannot be obtained in a second testing. 
A) When test responses are depend on recent events. 
B) When test questions are vague. 
C) When test responses do not reflect the hypothetical constructs being measured. 
D) When similar test responses cannot be obtained in a second testing.

Question 8

The sequence researchers move through when using the hypothesis-testing approach are

Accepted Answer

A) prediction - theory - test. 
B) theory - prediction - test. 
C) test - prediction - theory. 
D) prediction - test - theory. 
A) prediction - theory - test. 
B) theory - prediction - test. 
C) test - prediction - theory. 
D) prediction - test - theory.

Question 9

Some researchers try to understand personality with in-depth evaluations of individuals or groups of people. This approach is better known as

Accepted Answer

A) the hypothesis-testing method. 
B) the experimental approach. 
C) the correlation coefficient. 
D) the case study method. 
A) the hypothesis-testing method. 
B) the experimental approach. 
C) the correlation coefficient. 
D) the case study method.

Question 10

A researcher maintains that a person's self-esteem level is largely inherited from his or her parents.From this she derives the prediction that children with low self-esteem probably come from homes where one or both parents have low self-esteem.In this case,the prediction is the

Accepted Answer

A) theory. 
B) hypothesis. 
C) independent variable. 
D) dependent variable. 
A) theory. 
B) hypothesis. 
C) independent variable. 
D) dependent variable.

Question 11

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship?

Accepted Answer

A) .50 
B) .20 
C) 0 
D) -.60 
A) .50 
B) .20 
C) 0 
D) -.60

Question 12

Typically,a case study

Accepted Answer

A) has no comparison group. 
B) is of little interest to personality theorists. 
C) reports a large amount of numerical data. 
D) allows researchers to draw strong conclusions about cause and effect. 
A) has no comparison group. 
B) is of little interest to personality theorists. 
C) reports a large amount of numerical data. 
D) allows researchers to draw strong conclusions about cause and effect.

Question 13

According to the "law of parsimony,"

Accepted Answer

A) a good theory generates a large number of hypotheses. 
B) the best theory is the one that explains a phenomenon with the fewest constructs. 
C) hypotheses are generated from theories. 
D) theories should require as few studies as possible to support them. 
A) a good theory generates a large number of hypotheses. 
B) the best theory is the one that explains a phenomenon with the fewest constructs. 
C) hypotheses are generated from theories. 
D) theories should require as few studies as possible to support them.

Question 14

You are studying the immediate effects of alcohol on people's feelings of well-being. Which of the following could be the dependent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

A) Score on a measure of well-being 
B) Amount of alcohol consumed within one hour prior to test 
C) Level of alcohol in the blood 
D) Either b or c 
A) Score on a measure of well-being 
B) Amount of alcohol consumed within one hour prior to test 
C) Level of alcohol in the blood 
D) Either b or c

Question 15

A formal prediction about the relationship between two or more variables is more commonly called a correlation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

A test is said to have high internal consistency when it yields similar scores each time it is administered to the same people.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A reliable test

Accepted Answer

A) measures what it was designed to measure. 
B) measures what it measures consistently. 
C) has good validity. 
D) measures many different concepts at once. 
A) measures what it was designed to measure. 
B) measures what it measures consistently. 
C) has good validity. 
D) measures many different concepts at once.

Question 18

A personality researcher administered her new measure of self-esteem to a group of participants.She waited two weeks and then gave the test to the same people again.She found that scores on the test changed quite a bit during the two-week period.Many participants who had scored low during the first administration scored high the second time,and many who had scored high initially scored low on the second administration.What problem does the researcher have with the new test?

Accepted Answer

A) Poor reliability 
B) Poor internal consistency 
C) Poor congruent validity 
D) Poor face validity 
A) Poor reliability 
B) Poor internal consistency 
C) Poor congruent validity 
D) Poor face validity

Experimenters can be most confident in making statements about cause and effect when they conduct research using which of the following?

Which of the following is the correlation coefficient indicating the strongest relationship?

Define validity. List by name the several kinds of test validity. Discuss each kind of validity by contrasting examples of tests that are low and high in it.

When scores from a test correlate with other measures of the same construct,researchers can determine the test's

When conducting personality research,in most cases a researcher should

A researcher finds that males make fewer errors than females when working in a competitive situation.However,women make fewer errors than men when working in a cooperative situation.This is an example of

Which of the following is a problem of test validity?

The sequence researchers move through when using the hypothesis-testing approach are

Some researchers try to understand personality with in-depth evaluations of individuals or groups of people. This approach is better known as

A researcher maintains that a person's self-esteem level is largely inherited from his or her parents.From this she derives the prediction that children with low self-esteem probably come from homes where one or both parents have low self-esteem.In this case,the prediction is the

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship?

Typically,a case study

According to the "law of parsimony,"

You are studying the immediate effects of alcohol on people's feelings of well-being. Which of the following could be the dependent variable in this study?

A formal prediction about the relationship between two or more variables is more commonly called a correlation.

A test is said to have high internal consistency when it yields similar scores each time it is administered to the same people.

A reliable test

What Is Personality?

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioral/Social Learning Approach: Theory,Application,and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research

Filters

Exam 2: Personality Research Methods

Experimenters can be most confident in making statements about cause and effect when they conduct research using which of the following?

Which of the following is the correlation coefficient indicating the strongest relationship?

Define validity. List by name the several kinds of test validity. Discuss each kind of validity by contrasting examples of tests that are low and high in it.

When scores from a test correlate with other measures of the same construct,researchers can determine the test's

When conducting personality research,in most cases a researcher should

A researcher finds that males make fewer errors than females when working in a competitive situation.However,women make fewer errors than men when working in a cooperative situation.This is an example of

Which of the following is a problem of test validity?

The sequence researchers move through when using the hypothesis-testing approach are

Some researchers try to understand personality with in-depth evaluations of individuals or groups of people. This approach is better known as

A researcher maintains that a person's self-esteem level is largely inherited from his or her parents.From this she derives the prediction that children with low self-esteem probably come from homes where one or both parents have low self-esteem.In this case,the prediction is the

Which of the following correlation coefficients indicates the strongest relationship?

Typically,a case study

According to the "law of parsimony,"

You are studying the immediate effects of alcohol on people's feelings of well-being. Which of the following could be the dependent variable in this study?

A formal prediction about the relationship between two or more variables is more commonly called a correlation.

A test is said to have high internal consistency when it yields similar scores each time it is administered to the same people.

A reliable test

What Is Personality?

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Freudian Approach: Relevant Research

The Psychoanalytic Approach: Neo-Freudian Theory, Application, and Assessment

Neo-Freudian Theories: Relevant Research

The Trait Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Trait Approach: Relevant Research

The Biological Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Biological Approach: Relevant Research

The Humanistic Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Humanistic Approach: Relevant Research

The Behavioral/Social Learning Approach: Theory,Application,and Assessment

The Behavioral Social Learning Approach: Relevant Research

The Cognitive Approach: Theory, Application, and Assessment

The Cognitive Approach: Relevant Research

Filters