Question 1

In research studies,the term "effect size" refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  how much each treated and untreated person in the study changes. 
B)  the power of the statistical tests that are used to detect the impact of the independent variable. 
C)  how many subjects are included in a particular study. 
D)  the degree of external validity that the study has. 
A)  how much each treated and untreated person in the study changes. 
B)  the power of the statistical tests that are used to detect the impact of the independent variable. 
C)  how many subjects are included in a particular study. 
D)  the degree of external validity that the study has.

Question 2

Age and experience are confounded while using the cross-sectional design.This means that it cannot be determined if

Accepted Answer

A)  findings for cohort groups are due to their similar experiences or similar age. 
B)  findings are due to the fact that age and life experience tend to be correlated. 
C)  differences across groups are due to differences in assignment to the treatment conditions. 
D)  differences across groups are due to age, experience, or the experimental manipulation. 
A)  findings for cohort groups are due to their similar experiences or similar age. 
B)  findings are due to the fact that age and life experience tend to be correlated. 
C)  differences across groups are due to differences in assignment to the treatment conditions. 
D)  differences across groups are due to age, experience, or the experimental manipulation.

Question 3

The single-case experimental design

Accepted Answer

A)  always uses a single case. 
B)  is not concerned with external validity. 
C)  is not concerned with internal validity. 
D)  often incorporates several people at once. 
A)  always uses a single case. 
B)  is not concerned with external validity. 
C)  is not concerned with internal validity. 
D)  often incorporates several people at once.

Question 4

The basic components of informed consent are

Accepted Answer

A)  competence, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension. 
B)  volunteerism and comprehension. 
C)  competence, volunteerism, comprehension, and knowledge of results. 
D)  anonymity, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension. 
A)  competence, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension. 
B)  volunteerism and comprehension. 
C)  competence, volunteerism, comprehension, and knowledge of results. 
D)  anonymity, volunteerism, full information, and comprehension.

Question 5

Confounds,or factors that make it difficult to interpret accurately the results of a study,directly affect

Accepted Answer

A)  reliability. 
B)  external validity. 
C)  internal validity. 
D)  whether the results are published. 
A)  reliability. 
B)  external validity. 
C)  internal validity. 
D)  whether the results are published.

Question 6

The Surgeon General gathered data that demonstrated the more people smoked,the more likely they were to develop lung cancer,heart disease,and other dangerous illnesses.This data demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  that there is a positive correlation between smoking and serious illnesses like lung cancer. 
B)  that there is a negative correlation between smoking and serious illnesses like lung cancer. 
C)  that smoking causes lung cancer and other serious illnesses. 
D)  there is no relationship between smoking and lung cancer or other serious illnesses. 
A)  that there is a positive correlation between smoking and serious illnesses like lung cancer. 
B)  that there is a negative correlation between smoking and serious illnesses like lung cancer. 
C)  that smoking causes lung cancer and other serious illnesses. 
D)  there is no relationship between smoking and lung cancer or other serious illnesses.

Question 7

The directionality issue in correlation refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  whether two variables are correlated positively or negatively. 
B)  which factor causes the other to occur. 
C)  whether conclusions based on data are true or false. 
D)  the strength of a correlation. 
A)  whether two variables are correlated positively or negatively. 
B)  which factor causes the other to occur. 
C)  whether conclusions based on data are true or false. 
D)  the strength of a correlation.

Question 8

Your friend has trouble making commitments in relationships.You believe that this is because her parents had a bitter divorce when she was young.Your belief that a child who lives through a bitter parental divorce will have trouble making commitments in relationships as an adult would be considered a(n)_________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothesis 
B)  independent variable 
C)  empirical conclusion 
D)  applied theory 
A)  hypothesis 
B)  independent variable 
C)  empirical conclusion 
D)  applied theory

Question 9

The most accurate description of the correlational model is

Accepted Answer

A)  manipulation of an independent variable to measure the effects on a dependent variable. 
B)  in-depth examination of many variables associated with a small number of individuals. 
C)  statistical examination of the relationships between variables. 
D)  statistical examination of the cause of changes in a dependent variable. 
A)  manipulation of an independent variable to measure the effects on a dependent variable. 
B)  in-depth examination of many variables associated with a small number of individuals. 
C)  statistical examination of the relationships between variables. 
D)  statistical examination of the cause of changes in a dependent variable.

Question 10

Statistical significance determines whether an observed difference between a treatment and control group is likely due to _____________.

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment 
B)  external validity 
C)  chance 
D)  confounds 
A)  random assignment 
B)  external validity 
C)  chance 
D)  confounds

Question 11

If you observe that umbrellas cause rain since they always occur together,you may be confusing

Accepted Answer

A)  correlation with causation. 
B)  confounds with correlations. 
C)  independent variable with dependent variable. 
D)  statistical and clinical effects. 
A)  correlation with causation. 
B)  confounds with correlations. 
C)  independent variable with dependent variable. 
D)  statistical and clinical effects.

Question 12

Genetic linkage analysis has not yet provided the types of answers scientists hope for in terms of understanding the specific genetic causes of psychopathology.The most likely reason that this type of analysis has not been as promising as hoped is that the genetic influences of psychopathology are

Accepted Answer

A)  impossible to understand until the entire human genome is sequenced. 
B)  difficult to understand with the limited statistical models available. 
C)  based on more than single gene defects. 
D)  insignificant in comparison to the power of the environment. 
A)  impossible to understand until the entire human genome is sequenced. 
B)  difficult to understand with the limited statistical models available. 
C)  based on more than single gene defects. 
D)  insignificant in comparison to the power of the environment.

Question 13

Epidemological researchers such as Delisi,Maurizio,Yost,et al.,2003,who assessed men and women in Manhattan following the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001,generally use the research method called the ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  correlational model 
B)  case study 
C)  experiment 
D)  longitudinal study 
A)  correlational model 
B)  case study 
C)  experiment 
D)  longitudinal study

Question 14

Adoption studies can be used to study the influence of genetic influences on psychopathology

Accepted Answer

A)  without the typical confound of common biological parents. 
B)  using more sophisticated statistical techniques. 
C)  through direct examination of genetic causes. 
D)  without the typical confound of siblings raised in the same environment. 
A)  without the typical confound of common biological parents. 
B)  using more sophisticated statistical techniques. 
C)  through direct examination of genetic causes. 
D)  without the typical confound of siblings raised in the same environment.

Question 15

Placebos are used in experiments to

Accepted Answer

A)  control for the variability of individuals who tend to volunteer for research studies. 
B)  control for the expectations of some research participants that they will improve just because they are in a research study. 
C)  help determine whether an independent variable actually causes a statistically significant change in a dependent variable. 
D)  make certain that the treatment and control group are randomly selected. 
A)  control for the variability of individuals who tend to volunteer for research studies. 
B)  control for the expectations of some research participants that they will improve just because they are in a research study. 
C)  help determine whether an independent variable actually causes a statistically significant change in a dependent variable. 
D)  make certain that the treatment and control group are randomly selected.

Question 16

A researcher is testing the effects of sunlight on depression.The dependent variable is_________ and the independent variable is _________________

Accepted Answer

A)  sunlight; depression 
B)  depression; sunlight 
C)  sunlight; mood 
D)  depression; mood 
A)  sunlight; depression 
B)  depression; sunlight 
C)  sunlight; mood 
D)  depression; mood

Question 17

A hypothesis is defined as a(n)_________.

Accepted Answer

A)  theory 
B)  empirical conclusion 
C)  research study 
D)  educated guess 
A)  theory 
B)  empirical conclusion 
C)  research study 
D)  educated guess

Question 18

In cross-cultural research,the independent or treatment variable is generally the ___________.

Accepted Answer

A)  culture 
B)  disorder 
C)  method used to treat the disorder 
D)  success of the treatment 
A)  culture 
B)  disorder 
C)  method used to treat the disorder 
D)  success of the treatment

Question 19

Combining the monozygotic and adoption study methods,researchers often study monozygotic twins raised in different families.Using this method,similarities in behaviors,traits,and psychological disorders between monozygotic twins raised apart helps researchers determine

Accepted Answer

A)  the effects of adoption on a child's psychological functioning. 
B)  whether it is detrimental to separate twins at birth. 
C)  whether genes or adoption impact psychopathology. 
D)  the effects of genes. 
A)  the effects of adoption on a child's psychological functioning. 
B)  whether it is detrimental to separate twins at birth. 
C)  whether genes or adoption impact psychopathology. 
D)  the effects of genes.

Question 20

An association study of the genetic influences of psychopathology compares people with and without a specific disorder in terms of

Accepted Answer

A)  shared environments. 
B)  inherited characteristics other than the disorder. 
C)  family history. 
D)  inherited tendencies to behave in a specific manner. 
A)  shared environments. 
B)  inherited characteristics other than the disorder. 
C)  family history. 
D)  inherited tendencies to behave in a specific manner.

In research studies,the term "effect size" refers to

Age and experience are confounded while using the cross-sectional design.This means that it cannot be determined if

The single-case experimental design

The basic components of informed consent are

Confounds,or factors that make it difficult to interpret accurately the results of a study,directly affect

The Surgeon General gathered data that demonstrated the more people smoked,the more likely they were to develop lung cancer,heart disease,and other dangerous illnesses.This data demonstrates

The directionality issue in correlation refers to

The most accurate description of the correlational model is

Statistical significance determines whether an observed difference between a treatment and control group is likely due to _____________.

If you observe that umbrellas cause rain since they always occur together,you may be confusing

Genetic linkage analysis has not yet provided the types of answers scientists hope for in terms of understanding the specific genetic causes of psychopathology.The most likely reason that this type of analysis has not been as promising as hoped is that the genetic influences of psychopathology are

Epidemological researchers such as Delisi,Maurizio,Yost,et al.,2003,who assessed men and women in Manhattan following the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001,generally use the research method called the ________.

Adoption studies can be used to study the influence of genetic influences on psychopathology

Placebos are used in experiments to

A researcher is testing the effects of sunlight on depression.The dependent variable is_ and the independent variable is _________

A hypothesis is defined as a(n)_________.

In cross-cultural research,the independent or treatment variable is generally the ___________.

Combining the monozygotic and adoption study methods,researchers often study monozygotic twins raised in different families.Using this method,similarities in behaviors,traits,and psychological disorders between monozygotic twins raised apart helps researchers determine

An association study of the genetic influences of psychopathology compares people with and without a specific disorder in terms of

Abnormal Behavior In Historical Context

N Integrative Approach To Psychopathology

Clinical Assessment And Diagnosis

Anxiety Disorders

Somatoform And Dissociative Disorders

Mood Disorders And Suicide

Eating And Sleep Disorders

Physical Disorders And Health Psychology

Sexual And Gender Identity Disorders

Substance-related And Impulse-control Disorders

Personality Disorders

Schizophrenia And Other Psychotic Disorders

Developmental Disorders

Cognitive Disorders

Mental Health Services: Legal And Ethical Issues

Filters

Exam 4: Research Methods

In research studies,the term "effect size" refers to

Age and experience are confounded while using the cross-sectional design.This means that it cannot be determined if

The single-case experimental design

The basic components of informed consent are

Confounds,or factors that make it difficult to interpret accurately the results of a study,directly affect

The Surgeon General gathered data that demonstrated the more people smoked,the more likely they were to develop lung cancer,heart disease,and other dangerous illnesses.This data demonstrates

The directionality issue in correlation refers to

The most accurate description of the correlational model is

Statistical significance determines whether an observed difference between a treatment and control group is likely due to _____________.

If you observe that umbrellas cause rain since they always occur together,you may be confusing

Genetic linkage analysis has not yet provided the types of answers scientists hope for in terms of understanding the specific genetic causes of psychopathology.The most likely reason that this type of analysis has not been as promising as hoped is that the genetic influences of psychopathology are

Epidemological researchers such as Delisi,Maurizio,Yost,et al.,2003,who assessed men and women in Manhattan following the terrorist attacks of September 11,2001,generally use the research method called the ________.

Adoption studies can be used to study the influence of genetic influences on psychopathology

Placebos are used in experiments to

A researcher is testing the effects of sunlight on depression.The dependent variable is_________ and the independent variable is _________________

A hypothesis is defined as a(n)_________.

In cross-cultural research,the independent or treatment variable is generally the ___________.

Combining the monozygotic and adoption study methods,researchers often study monozygotic twins raised in different families.Using this method,similarities in behaviors,traits,and psychological disorders between monozygotic twins raised apart helps researchers determine

An association study of the genetic influences of psychopathology compares people with and without a specific disorder in terms of

Abnormal Behavior In Historical Context

N Integrative Approach To Psychopathology

Clinical Assessment And Diagnosis

Anxiety Disorders

Somatoform And Dissociative Disorders

Mood Disorders And Suicide

Eating And Sleep Disorders

Physical Disorders And Health Psychology

Sexual And Gender Identity Disorders

Substance-related And Impulse-control Disorders

Personality Disorders

Schizophrenia And Other Psychotic Disorders

Developmental Disorders

Cognitive Disorders

Mental Health Services: Legal And Ethical Issues

Filters

A researcher is testing the effects of sunlight on depression.The dependent variable is_ and the independent variable is _________