Question 1

Why are delinquency theories important to understanding and responding to juvenile delinquency?

Accepted Answer

A)  Theories provide systematic explanations of what is causally important and why. 
B)  Theories empirically test research hypotheses. 
C)  Theories are developed as mission statements for delinquency intervention programs. 
D)  Theories are actually irrelevant to understanding and responding to juvenile delinquency. 
A)  Theories provide systematic explanations of what is causally important and why. 
B)  Theories empirically test research hypotheses. 
C)  Theories are developed as mission statements for delinquency intervention programs. 
D)  Theories are actually irrelevant to understanding and responding to juvenile delinquency. A

Question 2

In Moffitt's developmental model, __________________ offenders are those characterized by continuity of antisocial behavior from early childhood through adulthood.

Accepted Answer

A)  persistent-problem 
B)  life-course-persistent 
C)  adolescence-limited 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  persistent-problem 
B)  life-course-persistent 
C)  adolescence-limited 
D)  None of the above. B

Question 3

Which two bodies of theory have been used most extensively to explore how school experiences are related to delinquency?

Accepted Answer

A)  anomie theory and strain theory 
B)  social learning theory and social disorganization theory 
C)  social bond theory and general strain theory 
D)  social disorganization theory and rational choice theory 
A)  anomie theory and strain theory 
B)  social learning theory and social disorganization theory 
C)  social bond theory and general strain theory 
D)  social disorganization theory and rational choice theory C

Question 4

Social disorganization theory emphasizes three structural characteristics of urban environments that disrupt social organization:

Accepted Answer

A)  low population density, lack of collective efficacy, and residential mobility. 
B)  motivated offenders, suitable targets, and absence of capable guardians. 
C)  anomie, strain, and lack of collective efficacy. 
D)  low economic status, ethnic heterogeneity, and residential mobility. 
A)  low population density, lack of collective efficacy, and residential mobility. 
B)  motivated offenders, suitable targets, and absence of capable guardians. 
C)  anomie, strain, and lack of collective efficacy. 
D)  low economic status, ethnic heterogeneity, and residential mobility.

Question 5

Research shows that the rational choice of delinquency is simply a matter of a youth's consideration of the chances of getting caught and punished.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Theories of delinquency are composed of two basic parts:

Accepted Answer

A)  variables and facts. 
B)  propositions and hypotheses. 
C)  concepts and variables. 
D)  concepts and propositions. 
A)  variables and facts. 
B)  propositions and hypotheses. 
C)  concepts and variables. 
D)  concepts and propositions.

Question 7

Neurological deficits associated with the prefrontal cortex that reduce__________ __________, resulting in poor self-regulation of impulses, emotions, and behaviors.

Accepted Answer

A)  logical analysis 
B)  executive functioning 
C)  a priori deliberation 
D)  self-reflection 
A)  logical analysis 
B)  executive functioning 
C)  a priori deliberation 
D)  self-reflection

Question 8

Biosocial theories and research focus on:

Accepted Answer

A)  the situational context in which delinquency occurs. 
B)  social relationships that reinforce offending. 
C)  the individual traits that predispose individuals to crime. 
D)  None of the above. 
A)  the situational context in which delinquency occurs. 
B)  social relationships that reinforce offending. 
C)  the individual traits that predispose individuals to crime. 
D)  None of the above.

Question 9

The groups in which youth commit delinquency tend to be small, typically consisting of only two or three youth.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The following questions are on Reading 6.1: Thornberry, Huizinga, and Loeber (2004).
-Two key risk factors for delinquency according to Thornberry et al. (2004) are gangs and poor academic performance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Research shows that communities characterized by low levels of collective efficacy also have low rates of crime and delinquency.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The earlier the onset of problem behaviors in childhood, the greater the likelihood that these problems will continue and escalate into crime during the adult years.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Hirschi's social bond theory refers to the strength of relationship ties between people as:

Accepted Answer

A)  attachment. 
B)  involvement. 
C)  commitment. 
D)  belief. 
A)  attachment. 
B)  involvement. 
C)  commitment. 
D)  belief.

Question 14

Two biochemical factors have been studied extensively in relation to antisocial behavior. Which of the following is one of these two factors?

Accepted Answer

A)  neurotransmitters 
B)  autonomic systems 
C)  heart rate 
D)  personality traits 
A)  neurotransmitters 
B)  autonomic systems 
C)  heart rate 
D)  personality traits

Question 15

The following questions are on Reading 6.1: Thornberry, Huizinga, and Loeber (2004).
-Which study was not discussed by Thornberry et al. (2004)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pittsburgh Youth Study 
B)  Rochester Youth Development Study 
C)  Boston Juvenile Development Study 
D)  Denver Youth Study 
A)  Pittsburgh Youth Study 
B)  Rochester Youth Development Study 
C)  Boston Juvenile Development Study 
D)  Denver Youth Study

Question 16

The following questions are on Reading 6.1: Thornberry, Huizinga, and Loeber (2004).
-Research findings from all three Causes and Correlates projects show that youth who start their delinquency careers before age 13 are at higher risk of becoming serious and violent offenders than those who start their delinquency careers later.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

The following questions are on Reading 6.1: Thornberry, Huizinga, and Loeber (2004).
-It is "never too early" to try to prevent juvenile offending, but research shows that there comes a time when it is too late.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Recent research has shown that two dimensions of personality are most important in explaining delinquency. Which of the following is one of these two dimensions?

Accepted Answer

A)  low conscientiousness 
B)  psychopathic personality 
C)  paranoia 
D)  social introversion 
A)  low conscientiousness 
B)  psychopathic personality 
C)  paranoia 
D)  social introversion

Question 19

Research shows that poor academic performance is an important predictor of delinquent behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Negative experiences and adverse situations can motivate and provide opportunity for delinquent behavior. This is referred to as the ___________ ___________ of delinquency.

Accepted Answer

A)  reaction formation 
B)  stimulating forces 
C)  situational context 
D)  rational component 
A)  reaction formation 
B)  stimulating forces 
C)  situational context 
D)  rational component

Why are delinquency theories important to understanding and responding to juvenile delinquency?

In Moffitt's developmental model, __________________ offenders are those characterized by continuity of antisocial behavior from early childhood through adulthood.

Which two bodies of theory have been used most extensively to explore how school experiences are related to delinquency?

Social disorganization theory emphasizes three structural characteristics of urban environments that disrupt social organization:

Research shows that the rational choice of delinquency is simply a matter of a youth's consideration of the chances of getting caught and punished.

Theories of delinquency are composed of two basic parts:

Neurological deficits associated with the prefrontal cortex that reduce , resulting in poor self-regulation of impulses, emotions, and behaviors.

Biosocial theories and research focus on:

The groups in which youth commit delinquency tend to be small, typically consisting of only two or three youth.

The following questions are on Reading 6.1: Thornberry, Huizinga, and Loeber (2004). -Two key risk factors for delinquency according to Thornberry et al. (2004) are gangs and poor academic performance.

Research shows that communities characterized by low levels of collective efficacy also have low rates of crime and delinquency.

The earlier the onset of problem behaviors in childhood, the greater the likelihood that these problems will continue and escalate into crime during the adult years.

Hirschi's social bond theory refers to the strength of relationship ties between people as:

Two biochemical factors have been studied extensively in relation to antisocial behavior. Which of the following is one of these two factors?

The following questions are on Reading 6.1: Thornberry, Huizinga, and Loeber (2004). -Which study was not discussed by Thornberry et al. (2004)?

The following questions are on Reading 6.1: Thornberry, Huizinga, and Loeber (2004). -It is "never too early" to try to prevent juvenile offending, but research shows that there comes a time when it is too late.

Recent research has shown that two dimensions of personality are most important in explaining delinquency. Which of the following is one of these two dimensions?

Research shows that poor academic performance is an important predictor of delinquent behavior.

Negative experiences and adverse situations can motivate and provide opportunity for delinquent behavior. This is referred to as the _ _ of delinquency.

The Study of Juvenile Justice

Origins and Transformation of Juvenile Justice

Juvenile Justice Law, Structure, and Process

Data on Delinquency and Juvenile Justice

The Nature of Delinquency

Cops and Kids: Policing Juveniles

Preliminary Procedures of Juvenile Courts: Detention, Transfer to Criminal Court, and Intake

Formal Procedures of Juvenile Courts: Adjudication and Disposition

Juvenile Probation

Community-Based Corrections and Restorative Justice

Residential Placement and Aftercare Programs

Delinquency Prevention

Linking Systems of Care

Filters

Exam 6: Causes of Delinquency

Why are delinquency theories important to understanding and responding to juvenile delinquency?

In Moffitt's developmental model, __________________ offenders are those characterized by continuity of antisocial behavior from early childhood through adulthood.

Which two bodies of theory have been used most extensively to explore how school experiences are related to delinquency?

Social disorganization theory emphasizes three structural characteristics of urban environments that disrupt social organization:

Research shows that the rational choice of delinquency is simply a matter of a youth's consideration of the chances of getting caught and punished.

Theories of delinquency are composed of two basic parts:

Neurological deficits associated with the prefrontal cortex that reduce__________ __________, resulting in poor self-regulation of impulses, emotions, and behaviors.

Biosocial theories and research focus on:

The groups in which youth commit delinquency tend to be small, typically consisting of only two or three youth.

The following questions are on Reading 6.1: Thornberry, Huizinga, and Loeber (2004). -Two key risk factors for delinquency according to Thornberry et al. (2004) are gangs and poor academic performance.

Research shows that communities characterized by low levels of collective efficacy also have low rates of crime and delinquency.

The earlier the onset of problem behaviors in childhood, the greater the likelihood that these problems will continue and escalate into crime during the adult years.

Hirschi's social bond theory refers to the strength of relationship ties between people as:

Two biochemical factors have been studied extensively in relation to antisocial behavior. Which of the following is one of these two factors?

The following questions are on Reading 6.1: Thornberry, Huizinga, and Loeber (2004). -Which study was not discussed by Thornberry et al. (2004)?

The following questions are on Reading 6.1: Thornberry, Huizinga, and Loeber (2004). -It is "never too early" to try to prevent juvenile offending, but research shows that there comes a time when it is too late.

Recent research has shown that two dimensions of personality are most important in explaining delinquency. Which of the following is one of these two dimensions?

Research shows that poor academic performance is an important predictor of delinquent behavior.

Negative experiences and adverse situations can motivate and provide opportunity for delinquent behavior. This is referred to as the ___________ ___________ of delinquency.

The Study of Juvenile Justice

Origins and Transformation of Juvenile Justice

Juvenile Justice Law, Structure, and Process

Data on Delinquency and Juvenile Justice

The Nature of Delinquency

Cops and Kids: Policing Juveniles

Preliminary Procedures of Juvenile Courts: Detention, Transfer to Criminal Court, and Intake

Formal Procedures of Juvenile Courts: Adjudication and Disposition

Juvenile Probation

Community-Based Corrections and Restorative Justice

Residential Placement and Aftercare Programs

Delinquency Prevention

Linking Systems of Care

Filters

Neurological deficits associated with the prefrontal cortex that reduce , resulting in poor self-regulation of impulses, emotions, and behaviors.

Negative experiences and adverse situations can motivate and provide opportunity for delinquent behavior. This is referred to as the _ _ of delinquency.