Exam 8: Socioemotional Development in Early Childhood

MacKenzie is a 2-year-old who gets along well with her peers. When she saw another child upset because he didn't have a cookie, she gave him her cookie. Her mother gave her a hug and told her how proud she was of her for sharing her cookie. MacKenzie experienced a form of:

The ability of infants as young as 3 to 4 months of age to distinguish between male and female faces as shown by habituation and preferential looking studies reflects which explanation of gender role development?

Children as young as _____ will consistently choose same-sex playmates as well as toys and activities associated with their sex.

The finding that there are more male characters than female characters in books is an example of how books can influence:

Young children maintain their positive views about themselves because they do not compare their performance with that of other children.

What age of child is most likely to die from child maltreatment?

The task of the psychosocial stage initiative versus guilt involves:

Vicky is a parent who does not know a lot about child development. She expects her child to be able to do more than she is developmentally capable of. Vicky has low self-esteem, poor coping skills, and is unhappy most of the time. She yells at her children almost every day. What are Vicky's children at risk for?

Which of the following is not an outcome of developing a sense of initiative?

Three-year-olds are able to accurately assess their abilities when describing themselves.

If a parent uses physical punishment, the possible negative effects on the child can be reduced if the parent also displays warmth to the child on other occasions.

The cognitive-developmental explanation of gender role development that emphasizes information processing and environmental influences is called:

As women have entered the workforce and men have taken a more active role in the home, gender roles have become more flexible in Western societies.

How old are children when they begin to include emotions and attitudes in their self-descriptions?

When children demonstrate independence and act purposefully, they are primed to develop a healthy sense of: