Exam 3: The Prenatal Period, Birth, and the Newborn

The Apgar scale is administered one minute after delivery and again five minutes after birth.

A zygote is also called a(n) ______.

Children who were prenatally exposed to heavy metals, such as lead and mercury, score lower on cognitive ability and intelligence and have higher rates of childhood illness.

The germinal period is also known as the period of the ______.

The _______ becomes the skin, nails, hair, teeth, sensory organs, and the nervous system.

_____-exposed newborns often show signs of addiction and withdrawal symptoms, including tremors, irritability, abnormal crying, disturbed sleep, and impaired motor control.

Sperm travel for approximately 12 hours to reach the fallopian tube where an ovum may or may not be present.

Which of the following children will spend the greatest amount of time in REM sleep?

One-month-old Nolan has difficulty regulating his arousal states, shows poor movement skills, poor reflexes, and greater excitability than most infants his age. Nolan was likely exposed to _____ during his mother's pregnancy.

The age of viability begins at about 22 weeks after conception.

At birth, girls tend to be slightly longer and heavier than boys.

Renee, pregnant for the first time, wonders how the developing organism receives nutrients and oxygen and rids itself of waste. This principal organ of exchange between the mother and the developing organism is the ______.

Research shows that the effects of exposure to teratogens on prenatal development vary depending on six principles. List these principles.

Women who give birth after the age of 30 are at significant risk for having a child with Down syndrome.

A cesarean section:

The Y chromosome of the male embryo instructs it to secrete testosterone, causing the indifferent gonad to create testes.

The _______ is a fluid-filled sphere with cells forming a protective circle around an inner cluster of cells from which the _____ will develop.

The _____ is administered a few days after birth to assess the newborn's neurological functioning, including the strength of 20 inborn reflexes, responsiveness to the physical and social environment, and changes in state.

Research on low birth weight infants indicates that:

In the 1950s and early 1960s, many women were prescribed thalidomide to prevent morning sickness. This drug, often taken in early pregnancy, was associated with: