Exam 2: Biological and Environmental Foundations

Polygenic inheritance is a pattern in which both dominant and recessive genes influence a trait or characteristic.

About two thirds of naturally conceived twins are dizygotic twins.

Marlo's parents are talented artists. When he was young, Marlo was exposed to drawing and painting lessons, taken to art shows, and encouraged to be creative in his daily life. Today, at age 18, Marlo creates experiences and environments that correspond to and influence his genetic predisposition. For example, he enjoys spending weekends at the park or other public areas drawing people and objects. He often invites friends to various art exhibits in the city and he has enrolled in several art classes in college. He even helped paint a mural at a local children's hospital. Marlo's artistic endeavors at age 18 are an example of a(n) ______ gene-environment correlation.

Cite four syndromes/diseases that are acquired through X-linked inheritance. Are males or females at greater risk for these disorders?

According to the concept of reaction range, genetics set the range of developmental outcomes and the environment influences where, within the range, the person will fall.

Approximately 1 in 1,000 females are born with _____ syndrome.

_____ refers to the tendency of heredity to narrow the range of development to only one or a few outcomes.

Vince has one of the most common sex chromosome abnormalities. Vince has _____ syndrome.

_____ increases genetic variability and accounts for genetic uniqueness.

The tendency to actively seek out experiences and environments compatible and supportive of our genetic tendencies is called ______.

Noninvasive prenatal testing (NIPT) presents no risk to the developing fetus.

All ova contain one X sex chromosome.

When an individual is heterozygous for a particular trait, the dominant gene is expressed and the person becomes _____ the recessive gene.

Because identical twins share 100% of their genes, there are exactly alike in personality and intelligence.

_____ is the field of study that examines how genes and experiences combine to influence the diversity of human traits, abilities, and behaviors.

The majority of sex chromosome abnormalities are fatal.

Some research suggests that fragile X syndrome is strongly associated with ____.

As a human, you share ___ percent of your DNA with our closest genetic relative, the chimpanzee.

In general, we respond to happy, playful toddlers differently than we respond to standoffish, irritable toddlers. For instance, we may smile and interact more with the happy toddler, while redirecting, ignoring, or trying to change the behavior of the irritable toddler. This example illustrates a(n) ______ gene-environment correlation.

Emily has Prader-Willi syndrome, a disorder that is characterized by obesity, insatiable hunger, short stature, motor slowness, and mild to moderate intellectual impairment. According to the concept of genomic imprinting, Emily inherited this disorder from her _____.