Question 1

British colonialism helped to ensure that ethnicity would be the primary element in political identification and mobilization by

Accepted Answer

A)  establishing administrative regions on the basis of ethnicity. 
B)  permitting the development of ethnically-based associations. 
C)  fostering competition among ethnic groups. 
D)  utilizing local leaders to help support their colonial rule. 
E)  All of the above were implemented by British colonialism to help ensure that ethnicity would be the primary element in political identification and mobilization. 
A)  establishing administrative regions on the basis of ethnicity. 
B)  permitting the development of ethnically-based associations. 
C)  fostering competition among ethnic groups. 
D)  utilizing local leaders to help support their colonial rule. 
E)  All of the above were implemented by British colonialism to help ensure that ethnicity would be the primary element in political identification and mobilization.

Question 2

All of the following are factors that help explain executive dominance over the legislature EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  since independence, the same party that has won the executive has also won the majority, either outright or in coalition, in the legislature. 
B)  Nigerian constitutions have consistently failed to provide the legislature with the power of the purse. 
C)  presidents and governors allied with them to control the primaries process. 
D)  Nigerian legislatures were either nonexistent or powerless under military rule effectively establishing a pattern of executive dominance. 
E)  All of the above help explain executive dominance over the legislature. 
A)  since independence, the same party that has won the executive has also won the majority, either outright or in coalition, in the legislature. 
B)  Nigerian constitutions have consistently failed to provide the legislature with the power of the purse. 
C)  presidents and governors allied with them to control the primaries process. 
D)  Nigerian legislatures were either nonexistent or powerless under military rule effectively establishing a pattern of executive dominance. 
E)  All of the above help explain executive dominance over the legislature.

Question 3

Both military and civilian governments of Nigeria have tended to adopt what kind of economic posture?

Accepted Answer

A)  One characterized by laissez-faire, with the state playing a minimal role in the economy 
B)  An interventionist one with the state intruding unhindered into the major sectors of the economy 
C)  A mixed one involving some government planning and intervention but with a strong market-based economy as well 
D)  A command economy involving the government setting five-year economic plans for the entire economy 
E)  A predatory one in which political leaders regularly use their positions for economic benefit 
A)  One characterized by laissez-faire, with the state playing a minimal role in the economy 
B)  An interventionist one with the state intruding unhindered into the major sectors of the economy 
C)  A mixed one involving some government planning and intervention but with a strong market-based economy as well 
D)  A command economy involving the government setting five-year economic plans for the entire economy 
E)  A predatory one in which political leaders regularly use their positions for economic benefit

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Since the return of civilian governments, the judiciary has issued many rulings which have increased the authority of state governments vis-à-vis the central government, thus giving Nigerian federalism greater political legitimacy. 
B)  Because Nigerian states are highly dependent upon the federal government for revenue, the country's federal system is skewed in favor of the central government. 
C)  Civilian presidents have consistently built alliances with powerful state governors in order to centralize their control of party. 
D)  Since the return of civilian government, Nigerian states have sought to gain greater control of resources. 
E)  Because local governments are little more than patronage outposts of state governors, they often fail to provide even the most basic public services. 
A)  Since the return of civilian governments, the judiciary has issued many rulings which have increased the authority of state governments vis-à-vis the central government, thus giving Nigerian federalism greater political legitimacy. 
B)  Because Nigerian states are highly dependent upon the federal government for revenue, the country's federal system is skewed in favor of the central government. 
C)  Civilian presidents have consistently built alliances with powerful state governors in order to centralize their control of party. 
D)  Since the return of civilian government, Nigerian states have sought to gain greater control of resources. 
E)  Because local governments are little more than patronage outposts of state governors, they often fail to provide even the most basic public services.

Question 5

The informal sector accounts for about _____________ of Nigeria's GDP.

Accepted Answer

A)  one-third 
B)  one-quarter 
C)  one-fifth 
D)  one-half 
E)  one-tenth 
A)  one-third 
B)  one-quarter 
C)  one-fifth 
D)  one-half 
E)  one-tenth

Question 6

Nigeria's First Republic

Accepted Answer

A)  lasted less than one year. 
B)  was a parliamentary system generally dominated by southern ethnic groups. 
C)  was a parliamentary system generally dominated by northern ethnic groups. 
D)  was a mixed system in which the three major ethnic groups were each ensured a leadership position. 
E)  was a constitutional monarchy. 
A)  lasted less than one year. 
B)  was a parliamentary system generally dominated by southern ethnic groups. 
C)  was a parliamentary system generally dominated by northern ethnic groups. 
D)  was a mixed system in which the three major ethnic groups were each ensured a leadership position. 
E)  was a constitutional monarchy.

Question 7

The multi-ethnic character of Nigeria has had profound impacts on the country's political development. Which would you say have been the most important of these? Justify your argument.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The multi-ethnic character of Nigeria has had...

Question 8

Civil society groups have played an important role in Nigerian politics. First, discuss why such groups became the primary institutions of representation in the country. Next, discuss the role these groups play in voicing public interests in contemporary Nigeria. Finally, assess the relative importance of such groups in the democratization process.

Accepted Answer

Civil society groups have become the pri

Question 9

Arguably, President Obasanjo's greatest economic achievement was

Accepted Answer

A)  improving the average GDP of Nigeria. 
B)  paying off much of the country's massive foreign debt. 
C)  implementing a government-funded universal primary education system. 
D)  privatizing the oil industry. 
E)  curbing the country's rampant corruption. 
A)  improving the average GDP of Nigeria. 
B)  paying off much of the country's massive foreign debt. 
C)  implementing a government-funded universal primary education system. 
D)  privatizing the oil industry. 
E)  curbing the country's rampant corruption.

Question 10

Since the early 1970s, Nigeria has relied upon oil for about _____________ percent of its exports and about _____________ percent of its government revenues.

Accepted Answer

A)  60; 75 
B)  80; 50 
C)  90; 50 
D)  75; 75 
E)  90; 75 
A)  60; 75 
B)  80; 50 
C)  90; 50 
D)  75; 75 
E)  90; 75

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nigeria's population is roughly split between Islam and Christianity, although some traditional belief systems persist. 
B)  Religious tensions have been most volatile in the Middle Belt region of the country. 
C)  The major Christian denomination in Nigeria is Catholicism. 
D)  Religious identities generally are associated with ethnic identities in Nigeria. 
E)  Religious cultures have consistently clashed over political issues such as the secular character of the state. 
A)  Nigeria's population is roughly split between Islam and Christianity, although some traditional belief systems persist. 
B)  Religious tensions have been most volatile in the Middle Belt region of the country. 
C)  The major Christian denomination in Nigeria is Catholicism. 
D)  Religious identities generally are associated with ethnic identities in Nigeria. 
E)  Religious cultures have consistently clashed over political issues such as the secular character of the state.

Question 12

Factors that challenge the further consolidation of democracy in Nigeria include all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  expressions by the military's senior officers that the military has a role to play in the country's politics. 
B)  the growing use of extra-systemic measures, including violence, by the political elite to advance their interests. 
C)  the presence of minor parties with only narrow ethnic constituencies. 
D)  militias expressing ethno-nationalist demands. 
E)  the absorption and cooptation of opposition forces by the PDP. 
A)  expressions by the military's senior officers that the military has a role to play in the country's politics. 
B)  the growing use of extra-systemic measures, including violence, by the political elite to advance their interests. 
C)  the presence of minor parties with only narrow ethnic constituencies. 
D)  militias expressing ethno-nationalist demands. 
E)  the absorption and cooptation of opposition forces by the PDP.

Question 13

Nigeria's four republics (periods of civilian rule) have seen different types of party systems. How did the parties of the First and Second Republics differ from those of the Third and Fourth? What do you see as different about the parties of the Fourth Republic, and what are their strengths and weaknesses compared to their predecessors? What bearing does this assessment have upon the democratization process in Nigeria?

Accepted Answer

The parties of the First and Second Repu

Question 14

Which of the following BEST describes Nigeria's labor unions?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although ethnic, regional, and religious differences have hampered their solidarity, they have served as an important challenge to the government and a potent force in society. 
B)  They are extremely corrupt and have colluded with the federal government for rents. 
C)  Due to a history of state corporatism, they have been co-opted by the government and fail to act independently. 
D)  They have never been a significant force in Nigeria. 
E)  Because they are highly fragmented along ethnic, regional and religious differences, their political impact has been minimal. 
A)  Although ethnic, regional, and religious differences have hampered their solidarity, they have served as an important challenge to the government and a potent force in society. 
B)  They are extremely corrupt and have colluded with the federal government for rents. 
C)  Due to a history of state corporatism, they have been co-opted by the government and fail to act independently. 
D)  They have never been a significant force in Nigeria. 
E)  Because they are highly fragmented along ethnic, regional and religious differences, their political impact has been minimal.

Question 15

The lengthy transfer of the presidency from Umaru Musa Yar'Adua to Goodluck Jonathan

Accepted Answer

A)  occurred within the country's constitutional framework. 
B)  illustrated how the country has become one dominated by a competitive oligarchy. 
C)  came about without direct military intervention. 
D)  was brought about at least in part due to international and domestic pressure. 
E)  All of the above statements are true. 
A)  occurred within the country's constitutional framework. 
B)  illustrated how the country has become one dominated by a competitive oligarchy. 
C)  came about without direct military intervention. 
D)  was brought about at least in part due to international and domestic pressure. 
E)  All of the above statements are true.

Question 16

Which of the following statements BEST describes how the Nigerian executive has evolved over the years?

Accepted Answer

A)  It has become more centralized and more personalized. 
B)  It has become more dependent upon the support of other state institutions. 
C)  It has increasingly become more dependent upon the support of the military. 
D)  It has become increasingly decentralized with different ministers becoming more important than others. 
E)  Initially the center of the political system, it has increasingly become marginalized with the rise of other political institutions. 
A)  It has become more centralized and more personalized. 
B)  It has become more dependent upon the support of other state institutions. 
C)  It has increasingly become more dependent upon the support of the military. 
D)  It has become increasingly decentralized with different ministers becoming more important than others. 
E)  Initially the center of the political system, it has increasingly become marginalized with the rise of other political institutions.

Question 17

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Business groups have frequently supported and colluded with corrupt military and civilian governments. 
B)  Recently, business groups have begun to take a more political stance by advocating better governance. 
C)  The Nigerian business class has historically been described as "pirate capitalists" due to their corrupt practices and high level of collusion with state officials. 
D)  The largest business organization is the Nigerian Association of Chambers of Commerce, Mines and Agriculture. 
E)  Business groups have never had a say in the development of economic policy. 
A)  Business groups have frequently supported and colluded with corrupt military and civilian governments. 
B)  Recently, business groups have begun to take a more political stance by advocating better governance. 
C)  The Nigerian business class has historically been described as "pirate capitalists" due to their corrupt practices and high level of collusion with state officials. 
D)  The largest business organization is the Nigerian Association of Chambers of Commerce, Mines and Agriculture. 
E)  Business groups have never had a say in the development of economic policy.

Question 18

Which of the following does NOT illustrate Nigeria's standing in the global economy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nigeria is the largest economy in the West African subregion. 
B)  Nigeria is the only African member of the G20 grouping, an annual convention of the world's largest economies. 
C)  Despite its oil revenues, Nigeria remains dependent on Western countries, as well as China, for finance capital and production technologies. 
D)  Nigeria's dependence on oil revenues makes its economic development susceptible to boom and bust cycles. 
E)  Nigeria is a major player in the global energy market, producing some 2 million barrels of oil daily, most of it for export. 
A)  Nigeria is the largest economy in the West African subregion. 
B)  Nigeria is the only African member of the G20 grouping, an annual convention of the world's largest economies. 
C)  Despite its oil revenues, Nigeria remains dependent on Western countries, as well as China, for finance capital and production technologies. 
D)  Nigeria's dependence on oil revenues makes its economic development susceptible to boom and bust cycles. 
E)  Nigeria is a major player in the global energy market, producing some 2 million barrels of oil daily, most of it for export.

Question 19

Which statement describes the difference between ethnic rotation and federal character?

Accepted Answer

A)  The former refers to a practice of rotating political offices among the different ethnic groups whereas the latter refers to the federal structures of the country. 
B)  The former refers to a practice of rotating political offices among the different ethnic groups whereas the latter refers to the practice of rotating federal political offices among the different states. 
C)  The former has never been violated whereas the latter threatens to be violated by President Jonathan's decision to run for reelection. 
D)  The former refers to a practice of rotating political offices among the different ethnic groups whereas the latter refers to the setting aside of ethnic quotas in government hiring practices. 
E)  The former is codified in the constitution whereas the latter is not. 
A)  The former refers to a practice of rotating political offices among the different ethnic groups whereas the latter refers to the federal structures of the country. 
B)  The former refers to a practice of rotating political offices among the different ethnic groups whereas the latter refers to the practice of rotating federal political offices among the different states. 
C)  The former has never been violated whereas the latter threatens to be violated by President Jonathan's decision to run for reelection. 
D)  The former refers to a practice of rotating political offices among the different ethnic groups whereas the latter refers to the setting aside of ethnic quotas in government hiring practices. 
E)  The former is codified in the constitution whereas the latter is not.

Question 20

The Nigerian Economic Summit Group (NESG) refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  an economic interest group in Nigeria. 
B)  an attempt at economic planning that involves the coequal participation of both representatives from government and the private sector. 
C)  the Nigerian bureaucracy responsible for establishing national economic plans. 
D)  the body of economic advisors to the president. 
E)  an effort between Nigerian domestic firms and multinational corporations to coordinate their activities. 
A)  an economic interest group in Nigeria. 
B)  an attempt at economic planning that involves the coequal participation of both representatives from government and the private sector. 
C)  the Nigerian bureaucracy responsible for establishing national economic plans. 
D)  the body of economic advisors to the president. 
E)  an effort between Nigerian domestic firms and multinational corporations to coordinate their activities.

British colonialism helped to ensure that ethnicity would be the primary element in political identification and mobilization by

All of the following are factors that help explain executive dominance over the legislature EXCEPT

Both military and civilian governments of Nigeria have tended to adopt what kind of economic posture?

Which of the following is NOT true?

The informal sector accounts for about _____________ of Nigeria's GDP.

Nigeria's First Republic

The multi-ethnic character of Nigeria has had profound impacts on the country's political development. Which would you say have been the most important of these? Justify your argument.

Arguably, President Obasanjo's greatest economic achievement was

Since the early 1970s, Nigeria has relied upon oil for about _ percent of its exports and about _ percent of its government revenues.

Which of the following is NOT true?

Factors that challenge the further consolidation of democracy in Nigeria include all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following BEST describes Nigeria's labor unions?

The lengthy transfer of the presidency from Umaru Musa Yar'Adua to Goodluck Jonathan

Which of the following statements BEST describes how the Nigerian executive has evolved over the years?

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Which of the following does NOT illustrate Nigeria's standing in the global economy?

Which statement describes the difference between ethnic rotation and federal character?

The Nigerian Economic Summit Group (NESG) refers to

Introducing Comparative Politics

Britain

France

Germany

Japan

India

The United States

Russia

Brazil

Mexico

South Africa

Iran

China

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Exam 12: Nigeria

British colonialism helped to ensure that ethnicity would be the primary element in political identification and mobilization by

All of the following are factors that help explain executive dominance over the legislature EXCEPT

Both military and civilian governments of Nigeria have tended to adopt what kind of economic posture?

Which of the following is NOT true?

The informal sector accounts for about _____________ of Nigeria's GDP.

Nigeria's First Republic

The multi-ethnic character of Nigeria has had profound impacts on the country's political development. Which would you say have been the most important of these? Justify your argument.

Arguably, President Obasanjo's greatest economic achievement was

Since the early 1970s, Nigeria has relied upon oil for about _____________ percent of its exports and about _____________ percent of its government revenues.

Which of the following is NOT true?

Factors that challenge the further consolidation of democracy in Nigeria include all of the following EXCEPT

Which of the following BEST describes Nigeria's labor unions?

The lengthy transfer of the presidency from Umaru Musa Yar'Adua to Goodluck Jonathan

Which of the following statements BEST describes how the Nigerian executive has evolved over the years?

Which of the following statements is NOT true?

Which of the following does NOT illustrate Nigeria's standing in the global economy?

Which statement describes the difference between ethnic rotation and federal character?

The Nigerian Economic Summit Group (NESG) refers to

Introducing Comparative Politics

Britain

France

Germany

Japan

India

The United States

Russia

Brazil

Mexico

South Africa

Iran

China

Filters

Since the early 1970s, Nigeria has relied upon oil for about _ percent of its exports and about _ percent of its government revenues.