Question 1

Oxidation of minerals in the B horizon produces

Accepted Answer

A)  red and yellow colors. 
B)  white colors. 
C)  black colors. 
D)  blue-gray colors. 
A)  red and yellow colors. 
B)  white colors. 
C)  black colors. 
D)  blue-gray colors.

Question 2

Gelisols are most likely to be found in

Accepted Answer

A)  Canada. 
B)  Arizona. 
C)  Panama. 
D)  Greece. 
A)  Canada. 
B)  Arizona. 
C)  Panama. 
D)  Greece.

Question 3

The ability of certain soil particles to transfer mineral ions between their surfaces and the soil solution is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  soil acidity. 
B)  soil alkalinity. 
C)  colloidal action. 
D)  cation-exchange capacity. 
A)  soil acidity. 
B)  soil alkalinity. 
C)  colloidal action. 
D)  cation-exchange capacity.

Question 4

Soil scientists no longer consider climate a relevant factor in determining soil characteristics.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

Peds increase the porosity and permeability of a soil, and therefore benefit the soil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The basic soil unit used in preparing soils maps, i.e., in identifying a series of soils in an area, is the

Accepted Answer

A)  polypedon. 
B)  profile. 
C)  A horizon. 
D)  pedon. 
A)  polypedon. 
B)  profile. 
C)  A horizon. 
D)  pedon.

Question 7

A dark colored soil is usually rich in organic matter.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

The surface of the Moon is covered with loose rock debris and fine particles. Given this, and what you know about the Moon, the surface material

Accepted Answer

A)  could be considered a soil because regolith is present. 
B)  could be considered a soil because physical weathering processes occur. 
C)  could not be considered a soil because no organic matter is present and no organic processes occur. 
D)  both A and B 
A)  could be considered a soil because regolith is present. 
B)  could be considered a soil because physical weathering processes occur. 
C)  could not be considered a soil because no organic matter is present and no organic processes occur. 
D)  both A and B

Question 9

At present, which of the soil orders of Soil Taxonomy occupy the most land area worldwide?

Accepted Answer

A)  Oxisols 
B)  Aridisols 
C)  Alfisols 
D)  Ultisols 
A)  Oxisols 
B)  Aridisols 
C)  Alfisols 
D)  Ultisols

Question 10

Soil erosion in the United States

Accepted Answer

A)  is virtually under control given all the conservation practices implemented. 
B)  is causing over 30 percent of farmlands in this country to erode faster than the soil can be replaced. 
C)  has not been adequately mapped by the Soil Conservation Service. 
D)  is highest in the northeastern states. 
A)  is virtually under control given all the conservation practices implemented. 
B)  is causing over 30 percent of farmlands in this country to erode faster than the soil can be replaced. 
C)  has not been adequately mapped by the Soil Conservation Service. 
D)  is highest in the northeastern states.

Question 11

Which pedogenic regime is associated with Spodosols?

Accepted Answer

A)  calcification 
B)  podzolization 
C)  salinization 
D)  laterization 
A)  calcification 
B)  podzolization 
C)  salinization 
D)  laterization

Question 12

An individual unit of soil aggregates (a lump of soil) is termed a

Accepted Answer

A)  solum. 
B)  separate. 
C)  pedon. 
D)  ped. 
A)  solum. 
B)  separate. 
C)  pedon. 
D)  ped.

Question 13

A roughly equal mixture of sand, silt, and clay is called

Accepted Answer

A)  humus. 
B)  regolith. 
C)  solum. 
D)  loam. 
A)  humus. 
B)  regolith. 
C)  solum. 
D)  loam.

Question 14

Irrigated land accounts for only about $\underline { 4 \text { percent } }$ of the world's food harvests.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The E horizon is dominated by ________, whereas the B horizon is dominated by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  eluviation; illuviation 
B)  eluviation; podzolation 
C)  illuviation; eluviation 
D)  laterization; illuviation 
A)  eluviation; illuviation 
B)  eluviation; podzolation 
C)  illuviation; eluviation 
D)  laterization; illuviation

Question 16

Which of the following is correct regarding soil?

Accepted Answer

A)  Soil is an inorganic by-product of geological processes. 
B)  Soil is composed of mineral matter only. 
C)  Soil is a dynamic natural body composed of both mineral and organic matter. 
D)  Soil science is called geomorphology. 
A)  Soil is an inorganic by-product of geological processes. 
B)  Soil is composed of mineral matter only. 
C)  Soil is a dynamic natural body composed of both mineral and organic matter. 
D)  Soil science is called geomorphology.

Question 17

Irrigation of arid lands can destroy the soil.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which of the following is false regarding soil erosion?

Accepted Answer

A)  It takes 5 years to mature a few centimeters of soil. 
B)  35% of farmland is losing soil faster than it can form. 
C)  Soil erosion can be controlled by planting on the contour. 
D)  Soil losses cost the U.S. $25 billion each year. 
E)  Thirty-five percent of farms worldwide are losing soil faster than it is being formed. 
A)  It takes 5 years to mature a few centimeters of soil. 
B)  35% of farmland is losing soil faster than it can form. 
C)  Soil erosion can be controlled by planting on the contour. 
D)  Soil losses cost the U.S. $25 billion each year. 
E)  Thirty-five percent of farms worldwide are losing soil faster than it is being formed.

Question 19

Ped formation benefits soils because it enhances

Accepted Answer

A)  soil texture. 
B)  porosity. 
C)  permeability. 
D)  both B and C 
A)  soil texture. 
B)  porosity. 
C)  permeability. 
D)  both B and C

Question 20

Texture refers to ________, whereas structure refers to ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  soil particle size; the aggregation of soil particles into "dirt clods" 
B)  the aggregation of soil particles into "dirt clods"; soil particle size 
C)  soil fertility; soil productivity 
D)  soil productivity; soil fertility 
A)  soil particle size; the aggregation of soil particles into "dirt clods" 
B)  the aggregation of soil particles into "dirt clods"; soil particle size 
C)  soil fertility; soil productivity 
D)  soil productivity; soil fertility

Oxidation of minerals in the B horizon produces

Gelisols are most likely to be found in

The ability of certain soil particles to transfer mineral ions between their surfaces and the soil solution is referred to as

Soil scientists no longer consider climate a relevant factor in determining soil characteristics.

Peds increase the porosity and permeability of a soil, and therefore benefit the soil.

The basic soil unit used in preparing soils maps, i.e., in identifying a series of soils in an area, is the

A dark colored soil is usually rich in organic matter.

The surface of the Moon is covered with loose rock debris and fine particles. Given this, and what you know about the Moon, the surface material

At present, which of the soil orders of Soil Taxonomy occupy the most land area worldwide?

Soil erosion in the United States

Which pedogenic regime is associated with Spodosols?

An individual unit of soil aggregates (a lump of soil) is termed a

A roughly equal mixture of sand, silt, and clay is called

Irrigated land accounts for only about $\underline { 4 \text { percent } }$ of the world's food harvests.

The E horizon is dominated by , whereas the B horizon is dominated by .

Which of the following is correct regarding soil?

Irrigation of arid lands can destroy the soil.

Which of the following is false regarding soil erosion?

Ped formation benefits soils because it enhances

Texture refers to , whereas structure refers to .

Foundations of Geography

Solar Energy, Seasons, and the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation

Atmospheric Water and Weather

Water Resources

Global Climate Systems

The Dynamic Planet

Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

Wind Processes and Desert Landscapes

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Landforms

Glacial and Penglacial Landscapes

Ecosystems and Biomes

Earth and the Human Denominator

Filters

Exam 15: The Geography of Soils

Oxidation of minerals in the B horizon produces

Gelisols are most likely to be found in

The ability of certain soil particles to transfer mineral ions between their surfaces and the soil solution is referred to as

Soil scientists no longer consider climate a relevant factor in determining soil characteristics.

Peds increase the porosity and permeability of a soil, and therefore benefit the soil.

The basic soil unit used in preparing soils maps, i.e., in identifying a series of soils in an area, is the

A dark colored soil is usually rich in organic matter.

The surface of the Moon is covered with loose rock debris and fine particles. Given this, and what you know about the Moon, the surface material

At present, which of the soil orders of Soil Taxonomy occupy the most land area worldwide?

Soil erosion in the United States

Which pedogenic regime is associated with Spodosols?

An individual unit of soil aggregates (a lump of soil) is termed a

A roughly equal mixture of sand, silt, and clay is called

Irrigated land accounts for only about 4 percent ‾\underline { 4 \text { percent } }4 percent ​ of the world's food harvests.

The E horizon is dominated by ________, whereas the B horizon is dominated by ________.

Which of the following is correct regarding soil?

Irrigation of arid lands can destroy the soil.

Which of the following is false regarding soil erosion?

Ped formation benefits soils because it enhances

Texture refers to ________, whereas structure refers to ________.

Foundations of Geography

Solar Energy, Seasons, and the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation

Atmospheric Water and Weather

Water Resources

Global Climate Systems

The Dynamic Planet

Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

Wind Processes and Desert Landscapes

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Landforms

Glacial and Penglacial Landscapes

Ecosystems and Biomes

Earth and the Human Denominator

Filters

Irrigated land accounts for only about $\underline { 4 \text { percent } }$ of the world's food harvests.

The E horizon is dominated by , whereas the B horizon is dominated by .

Texture refers to , whereas structure refers to .