Question 1

Approximately what percentage of Earth's surface is exposed above sea level?

Accepted Answer

A)  18 percent 
B)  29 percent 
C)  49 percent 
D)  62 percent 
A)  18 percent 
B)  29 percent 
C)  49 percent 
D)  62 percent

Question 2

A brittle rock is likely to respond to stress by ________, whereas a ductile rock is likely to respond by ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  stretching; breaking 
B)  breaking; bending 
C)  isostatically uplifting; bending 
D)  isostatically uplifting; breaking 
A)  stretching; breaking 
B)  breaking; bending 
C)  isostatically uplifting; bending 
D)  isostatically uplifting; breaking

Question 3

Pulverized rock and clastic materials ejected violently during an eruption are called

Accepted Answer

A)  cinders. 
B)  explosive debris. 
C)  tephra, or pyroclastics. 
D)  volcanic ash. 
A)  cinders. 
B)  explosive debris. 
C)  tephra, or pyroclastics. 
D)  volcanic ash.

Question 4

Which of the following represents a surface feature whose relief is opposite that expected based on the fold pattern in the rocks of which it is composed?

Accepted Answer

A)  synclinal valley 
B)  synclinal ridge 
C)  inverted anticline 
D)  synclinal basin 
A)  synclinal valley 
B)  synclinal ridge 
C)  inverted anticline 
D)  synclinal basin

Question 5

High mountains consisting of tightly folded and overthrust sedimentary rock layers, as well as metamorphic rocks, are formed

Accepted Answer

A)  along midocean ridges during seafloor spreading activity and are subsequently uplifted above sea level in response to isostatic processes. 
B)  during plate collisions. 
C)  during volcanic eruptions. 
D)  in continental rift zones. 
E)  exclusively by magma intrusions. 
A)  along midocean ridges during seafloor spreading activity and are subsequently uplifted above sea level in response to isostatic processes. 
B)  during plate collisions. 
C)  during volcanic eruptions. 
D)  in continental rift zones. 
E)  exclusively by magma intrusions.

Question 6

The motion of seismic waves is initiated in a subsurface location along the fault plane called the

Accepted Answer

A)  epicenter. 
B)  fault area. 
C)  Richter zone. 
D)  focus. 
A)  epicenter. 
B)  fault area. 
C)  Richter zone. 
D)  focus.

Question 7

Compressional stress along a fault can result in a dropped footwall block relative to the hanging-wall side, producing a

Accepted Answer

A)  reverse fault. 
B)  lateral fault. 
C)  normal fault. 
D)  strike-slip fault. 
A)  reverse fault. 
B)  lateral fault. 
C)  normal fault. 
D)  strike-slip fault.

Question 8

Orogenesis refers to

Accepted Answer

A)  the beginning of extensive faulting. 
B)  a general term for the beginning of a mountain-building episode that thickens continental crust. 
C)  a general thinning of the crust. 
D)  the formation of mountains $\underline {  \text { without }  }$ faulting, folding, or the capture of migrating terranes. 
A)  the beginning of extensive faulting. 
B)  a general term for the beginning of a mountain-building episode that thickens continental crust. 
C)  a general thinning of the crust. 
D)  the formation of mountains $\underline {  \text { without }  }$ faulting, folding, or the capture of migrating terranes.

Question 9

The most active tectonic regions of North and South America are on the

Accepted Answer

A)  western coasts. 
B)  eastern coasts. 
C)  southern coasts. 
D)  mid-continent. 
A)  western coasts. 
B)  eastern coasts. 
C)  southern coasts. 
D)  mid-continent.

Question 10

Scientists feel they have identified all the major faults underlying the Los Angeles region.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

The San Andreas system in California is an example of a

Accepted Answer

A)  strike-slip fault. 
B)  transform fault. 
C)  right-lateral motion. 
D)  All of these are correct. 
A)  strike-slip fault. 
B)  transform fault. 
C)  right-lateral motion. 
D)  All of these are correct.

Question 12

Which of the following is true regarding the moment magnitude scale-a scale which quantifies the amount of energy released by an earthquake?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a scale of magnitude based on arithmetical progressions (1,2,3,4, etc.). 
B)  It is a closed scale that begins at 0.0 and ends at 10.0. 
C)  An 8.0 on the scale is equal to 31.5 times more energy release than a 7.0. 
D)  It is the same as the Mercalli scale. 
A)  It is a scale of magnitude based on arithmetical progressions (1,2,3,4, etc.). 
B)  It is a closed scale that begins at 0.0 and ends at 10.0. 
C)  An 8.0 on the scale is equal to 31.5 times more energy release than a 7.0. 
D)  It is the same as the Mercalli scale.

Question 13

Terranes refer to

Accepted Answer

A)  the topography of a tract of land. 
B)  the "lay of the land." 
C)  displaced and migrating pieces of Earth's crust. 
D)  the continental shields within each continent. 
A)  the topography of a tract of land. 
B)  the "lay of the land." 
C)  displaced and migrating pieces of Earth's crust. 
D)  the continental shields within each continent.

Question 14

Continental shields, or cratons, are generally of low elevation and old in age.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

The average elevation of Earth's total surface is

Accepted Answer

A)  -3800 m (-12,470 ft). 
B)  -2070 m (-6790 ft). 
C)  100 m (325 ft). 
D)  875 m (2870 ft). 
A)  -3800 m (-12,470 ft). 
B)  -2070 m (-6790 ft). 
C)  100 m (325 ft). 
D)  875 m (2870 ft).

Question 16

People often say that California is going to "fall into the ocean,". This idea is totally wrong because the San Andreas fault would have to be a ________ fault associated with ________ forces for this to happen.

Accepted Answer

A)  normal; tension 
B)  normal; compression 
C)  reverse; tension 
D)  reverse; compression 
E)  strike-slip; compression 
A)  normal; tension 
B)  normal; compression 
C)  reverse; tension 
D)  reverse; compression 
E)  strike-slip; compression

Question 17

When rock strata are strained beyond their ability to remain an intact unit, displacement occurs in a process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  folding. 
B)  faulting. 
C)  broad warping. 
D)  stressing. 
A)  folding. 
B)  faulting. 
C)  broad warping. 
D)  stressing.

Question 18

Orogenesis can involve the capture of migrating terranes.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

California has overridden part of a seafloor spreading zone.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Approximately what percentage of Earth's surface is exposed above sea level?

A brittle rock is likely to respond to stress by , whereas a ductile rock is likely to respond by .

Pulverized rock and clastic materials ejected violently during an eruption are called

Which of the following represents a surface feature whose relief is opposite that expected based on the fold pattern in the rocks of which it is composed?

High mountains consisting of tightly folded and overthrust sedimentary rock layers, as well as metamorphic rocks, are formed

The motion of seismic waves is initiated in a subsurface location along the fault plane called the

Compressional stress along a fault can result in a dropped footwall block relative to the hanging-wall side, producing a

Orogenesis refers to

The most active tectonic regions of North and South America are on the

Scientists feel they have identified all the major faults underlying the Los Angeles region.

The San Andreas system in California is an example of a

Which of the following is true regarding the moment magnitude scale-a scale which quantifies the amount of energy released by an earthquake?

Terranes refer to

Continental shields, or cratons, are generally of low elevation and old in age.

The average elevation of Earth's total surface is

People often say that California is going to "fall into the ocean,". This idea is totally wrong because the San Andreas fault would have to be a fault associated with forces for this to happen.

When rock strata are strained beyond their ability to remain an intact unit, displacement occurs in a process known as

Orogenesis can involve the capture of migrating terranes.

California has overridden part of a seafloor spreading zone.

Foundations of Geography

Solar Energy, Seasons, and the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation

Atmospheric Water and Weather

Water Resources

Global Climate Systems

The Dynamic Planet

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

Wind Processes and Desert Landscapes

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Landforms

Glacial and Penglacial Landscapes

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystems and Biomes

Earth and the Human Denominator

Filters

Exam 9: Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Approximately what percentage of Earth's surface is exposed above sea level?

A brittle rock is likely to respond to stress by ________, whereas a ductile rock is likely to respond by ________.

Pulverized rock and clastic materials ejected violently during an eruption are called

Which of the following represents a surface feature whose relief is opposite that expected based on the fold pattern in the rocks of which it is composed?

High mountains consisting of tightly folded and overthrust sedimentary rock layers, as well as metamorphic rocks, are formed

The motion of seismic waves is initiated in a subsurface location along the fault plane called the

Compressional stress along a fault can result in a dropped footwall block relative to the hanging-wall side, producing a

Orogenesis refers to

The most active tectonic regions of North and South America are on the

Scientists feel they have identified all the major faults underlying the Los Angeles region.

The San Andreas system in California is an example of a

Which of the following is true regarding the moment magnitude scale-a scale which quantifies the amount of energy released by an earthquake?

Terranes refer to

Continental shields, or cratons, are generally of low elevation and old in age.

The average elevation of Earth's total surface is

People often say that California is going to "fall into the ocean,". This idea is totally wrong because the San Andreas fault would have to be a ________ fault associated with ________ forces for this to happen.

When rock strata are strained beyond their ability to remain an intact unit, displacement occurs in a process known as

Orogenesis can involve the capture of migrating terranes.

California has overridden part of a seafloor spreading zone.

Foundations of Geography

Solar Energy, Seasons, and the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation

Atmospheric Water and Weather

Water Resources

Global Climate Systems

The Dynamic Planet

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

Wind Processes and Desert Landscapes

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Landforms

Glacial and Penglacial Landscapes

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystems and Biomes

Earth and the Human Denominator

Filters

A brittle rock is likely to respond to stress by , whereas a ductile rock is likely to respond by .

People often say that California is going to "fall into the ocean,". This idea is totally wrong because the San Andreas fault would have to be a fault associated with forces for this to happen.