Question 1

The majority of Earth's crust is composed of ________ rock.

Accepted Answer

A)  igneous 
B)  metamorphic 
C)  sedimentary 
D)  carbonate 
A)  igneous 
B)  metamorphic 
C)  sedimentary 
D)  carbonate

Question 2

A rock transformed from any other rock through profound physical and/or chemical processes is referred to as

Accepted Answer

A)  sedimentary. 
B)  metamorphic. 
C)  igneous. 
D)  ancient. 
A)  sedimentary. 
B)  metamorphic. 
C)  igneous. 
D)  ancient.

Question 3

Scientists recently succeeded in drilling through the crust to reach the mantle.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

The density of material $\underline { \text { below } }$ the Moho is ________ that above it.

Accepted Answer

A)  greater than 
B)  less than 
C)  the same as 
A)  greater than 
B)  less than 
C)  the same as

Question 5

The major rocks of Earth's crust are classified into principal types based on

Accepted Answer

A)  element composition. 
B)  mineral composition. 
C)  three specific rock-forming processes, i.e., the manner in which they formed. 
D)  relative and absolute locations. 
A)  element composition. 
B)  mineral composition. 
C)  three specific rock-forming processes, i.e., the manner in which they formed. 
D)  relative and absolute locations.

Question 6

Which of the following lists is in the correct sequence from youngest to oldest?

Accepted Answer

A)  Holocene, Pleistocene, Pliocene, Miocene 
B)  Holocene, Precambrian, Cenozoic 
C)  Paleozoic, Cenozoic, Mesozoic 
D)  Tertiary, Quaternary, Cretaceous 
A)  Holocene, Pleistocene, Pliocene, Miocene 
B)  Holocene, Precambrian, Cenozoic 
C)  Paleozoic, Cenozoic, Mesozoic 
D)  Tertiary, Quaternary, Cretaceous

Question 7

Which of the following can occur when seismic waves encounter a layer in Earth's interior?

Accepted Answer

A)  They can be reflected or refracted. 
B)  They can be absorbed. 
C)  Their speed can change. 
D)  All of the above can occur, depending upon the nature of the layer. 
E)  None of the above-seismic waves cannot penetrate below the crust of Earth. 
A)  They can be reflected or refracted. 
B)  They can be absorbed. 
C)  Their speed can change. 
D)  All of the above can occur, depending upon the nature of the layer. 
E)  None of the above-seismic waves cannot penetrate below the crust of Earth.

Question 8

Which of the following lists the correct sequence of divisions in the geologic time scale, from largest to smallest?

Accepted Answer

A)  era, eon, epoch, period 
B)  eon, era, period, epoch 
C)  epoch, era, eon, period 
D)  period, eon, era, epoch 
A)  era, eon, epoch, period 
B)  eon, era, period, epoch 
C)  epoch, era, eon, period 
D)  period, eon, era, epoch

Question 9

An unmetamorphosed dike could be composed of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)  granite 
B)  sandstone 
C)  obsidian 
D)  gneiss 
A)  granite 
B)  sandstone 
C)  obsidian 
D)  gneiss

Question 10

Marble is a familiar example of which type of rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  intrusive igneous 
B)  metamorphic 
C)  sedimentary 
D)  extrusive igneous 
A)  intrusive igneous 
B)  metamorphic 
C)  sedimentary 
D)  extrusive igneous

Question 11

The geologic cycle is powered both by exogenic and endogenic energy systems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Rocks that solidify and crystallize from a molten state are called ________. They form from ________, which is molten rock beneath the surface. Magma is fluid, highly gaseous, and under tremendous pressure. It is either ________ into preexisting crustal rocks, known as country rock, or ________ onto the surface as ________.

Accepted Answer

igneous; m

Question 13

A laccolith is actually a large version of a ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  dike 
B)  discontinuity 
C)  sill 
D)  batholith 
A)  dike 
B)  discontinuity 
C)  sill 
D)  batholith

Question 14

Which of the following is false regarding geothermal energy?

Accepted Answer

A)  It could be used everywhere. 
B)  It's in use in Iceland, Japan, and California. 
C)  Loss of aquifer pressure and groundwater drawdown can reduce production over time. 
D)  It can be used to produce both heat and electricity. 
A)  It could be used everywhere. 
B)  It's in use in Iceland, Japan, and California. 
C)  Loss of aquifer pressure and groundwater drawdown can reduce production over time. 
D)  It can be used to produce both heat and electricity.

Question 15

The Sierra Nevada mountain range in California is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  an extrusive igneous formation. 
B)  a lava flow. 
C)  an exposed batholith. 
D)  a volcano. 
A)  an extrusive igneous formation. 
B)  a lava flow. 
C)  an exposed batholith. 
D)  a volcano.

Question 16

The ocean floor subducts under continents because

Accepted Answer

A)  the ocean floor has a lower density and therefore sinks more easily. 
B)  the ocean floor is made of felsic minerals and is heavier than continental material. 
C)  the ocean floor is made of mafic material and is therefore more dense than continental material. 
D)  the weight of the continents is so great that they push the ocean floor material downward. 
E)  both A and B 
A)  the ocean floor has a lower density and therefore sinks more easily. 
B)  the ocean floor is made of felsic minerals and is heavier than continental material. 
C)  the ocean floor is made of mafic material and is therefore more dense than continental material. 
D)  the weight of the continents is so great that they push the ocean floor material downward. 
E)  both A and B

Question 17

The presence of 180-million-year-old salt domes in the Gulf Coast region of the U.S. indicates that

Accepted Answer

A)  the area was once volcanically active. 
B)  the area was subjected to plate collisions, which caused metamorphism to occur. 
C)  subsidence is now occurring due to the withdrawal of magma from the region. 
D)  a sea used to cover the area but subsequently evaporated. 
E)  None of these are indicated. 
A)  the area was once volcanically active. 
B)  the area was subjected to plate collisions, which caused metamorphism to occur. 
C)  subsidence is now occurring due to the withdrawal of magma from the region. 
D)  a sea used to cover the area but subsequently evaporated. 
E)  None of these are indicated.

Question 18

Which of the following is true of the aesthenosphere?

Accepted Answer

A)  It contains pockets of increased heat. 
B)  It flows. 
C)  It carries the crustal plates. 
D)  All of these are true. 
E)  None of these are true. 
A)  It contains pockets of increased heat. 
B)  It flows. 
C)  It carries the crustal plates. 
D)  All of these are true. 
E)  None of these are true.

Question 19

Which of the following is matched correctly?

Accepted Answer

A)  granite - metamorphic 
B)  basalt - sedimentary 
C)  magma - lava 
D)  sandstone - igneous 
A)  granite - metamorphic 
B)  basalt - sedimentary 
C)  magma - lava 
D)  sandstone - igneous

Question 20

Which of the following is an example of an intrusive, igneous rock?

Accepted Answer

A)  volcano 
B)  pluton 
C)  dome 
D)  lava flow 
A)  volcano 
B)  pluton 
C)  dome 
D)  lava flow

The majority of Earth's crust is composed of ________ rock.

A rock transformed from any other rock through profound physical and/or chemical processes is referred to as

Scientists recently succeeded in drilling through the crust to reach the mantle.

The density of material $\underline { \text { below } }$ the Moho is ________ that above it.

The major rocks of Earth's crust are classified into principal types based on

Which of the following lists is in the correct sequence from youngest to oldest?

Which of the following can occur when seismic waves encounter a layer in Earth's interior?

Which of the following lists the correct sequence of divisions in the geologic time scale, from largest to smallest?

An unmetamorphosed dike could be composed of which of the following?

Marble is a familiar example of which type of rock?

The geologic cycle is powered both by exogenic and endogenic energy systems.

Rocks that solidify and crystallize from a molten state are called . They form from , which is molten rock beneath the surface. Magma is fluid, highly gaseous, and under tremendous pressure. It is either into preexisting crustal rocks, known as country rock, or onto the surface as .

A laccolith is actually a large version of a ________.

Which of the following is false regarding geothermal energy?

The Sierra Nevada mountain range in California is an example of

The ocean floor subducts under continents because

The presence of 180-million-year-old salt domes in the Gulf Coast region of the U.S. indicates that

Which of the following is true of the aesthenosphere?

Which of the following is matched correctly?

Which of the following is an example of an intrusive, igneous rock?

Foundations of Geography

Solar Energy, Seasons, and the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation

Atmospheric Water and Weather

Water Resources

Global Climate Systems

Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

Wind Processes and Desert Landscapes

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Landforms

Glacial and Penglacial Landscapes

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystems and Biomes

Earth and the Human Denominator

Filters

Exam 8: The Dynamic Planet

The majority of Earth's crust is composed of ________ rock.

A rock transformed from any other rock through profound physical and/or chemical processes is referred to as

Scientists recently succeeded in drilling through the crust to reach the mantle.

The density of material below ‾\underline { \text { below } } below ​ the Moho is ________ that above it.

The major rocks of Earth's crust are classified into principal types based on

Which of the following lists is in the correct sequence from youngest to oldest?

Which of the following can occur when seismic waves encounter a layer in Earth's interior?

Which of the following lists the correct sequence of divisions in the geologic time scale, from largest to smallest?

An unmetamorphosed dike could be composed of which of the following?

Marble is a familiar example of which type of rock?

The geologic cycle is powered both by exogenic and endogenic energy systems.

A laccolith is actually a large version of a ________.

Which of the following is false regarding geothermal energy?

The Sierra Nevada mountain range in California is an example of

The ocean floor subducts under continents because

The presence of 180-million-year-old salt domes in the Gulf Coast region of the U.S. indicates that

Which of the following is true of the aesthenosphere?

Which of the following is matched correctly?

Which of the following is an example of an intrusive, igneous rock?

Foundations of Geography

Solar Energy, Seasons, and the Atmosphere

Atmospheric Energy and Global Temperatures

Atmospheric and Oceanic Circulation

Atmospheric Water and Weather

Water Resources

Global Climate Systems

Earthquakes and Volcanoes

Weathering, Karst Landscapes, and Mass Movement

Wind Processes and Desert Landscapes

The Oceans, Coastal Processes, and Landforms

Glacial and Penglacial Landscapes

The Geography of Soils

Ecosystems and Biomes

Earth and the Human Denominator

Filters

The density of material $\underline { \text { below } }$ the Moho is ________ that above it.