Exam 19: Heart and Neck Vessels

When listening to heart sounds,the nurse knows that S₁:

A 25-year-old woman in her fifth month of pregnancy has a blood pressure of 100/70 mm Hg.In reviewing her previous exam,the nurse notes that her blood pressure in her second month was 124/80 mm Hg.In evaluating this change,what does the nurse know to be true?

The nurse is presenting a class on risk factors for cardiovascular disease.Which of these are considered modifiable risk factors for myocardial infarction (MI)? Select all that apply.

In assessing for an S₄ heart sound with a stethoscope,the nurse would listen with the:

The mother of a 10-month-old infant tells the nurse that she has noticed that her son becomes blue when he is crying and that the frequency of this is increasing.He is also not crawling yet.During the examination the nurse palpates a thrill at the left lower sternal border and auscultates a loud systolic murmur in the same area.What would be the most likely cause of these findings?

During the precordial assessment on an patient who is 8 months pregnant,the nurse palpates the apical impulse at the fourth left intercostal space lateral to the midclavicular line.This finding would indicate:

The direction of blood flow through the heart is best described by which of these?

The nurse is reviewing anatomy and physiology of the heart.Which statement best describes what is meant by atrial kick?

During an assessment of a 68-year-old man with a recent onset of right-sided weakness,the nurse hears a blowing,swishing sound with the bell of the stethoscope over the left carotid artery.This finding would indicate:

The nurse is preparing for a class on risk factors for hypertension,and reviews recent statistics.Which racial group has the highest prevalence of hypertension in the world?

The nurse is performing a cardiac assessment on a 65-year-old patient 3 days after her myocardial infarction.Heart sounds are normal when she is supine,but when she is sitting and leaning forward,the nurse hears a high-pitched,scratchy sound with the diaphragm of the stethoscope at the apex.It disappears on inspiration.The nurse suspects:

When listening to heart sounds,the nurse knows that the valve closures that can be heard best at the base of the heart are:

The sac that surrounds and protects the heart is called the:

The nurse knows that normal splitting of the second heart sound is associated with:

The component of the conduction system referred to as the pacemaker of the heart is the:

During a cardiac assessment on a 38 year-old patient in the hospital for "chest pain," the nurse finds the following: jugular vein pulsations 4 cm above sternal angle when he is elevated at 45 degrees,blood pressure 98/60 mm Hg,heart rate 130 beats per minute,ankle edema,difficulty in breathing when supine,and an S₃ on auscultation.Which of these conditions best explains the cause of these findings?

The nurse is preparing to auscultate for heart sounds.Which technique is correct?

During an assessment of a healthy adult,where would the nurse expect to palpate the apical impulse?

The nurse is assessing the apical pulse of a 3-month-old infant and finds that the heart rate is 135 beats per minute.The nurse interprets this result as:

When assessing a newborn infant who is 5 minutes old,the nurse knows that which of these statements would be true?