Question 1

External validity refers to the

Accepted Answer

A)  extent to which the results of a study can improve human life. 
B)  reliability of naturalistic observation. 
C)  problem with placebo effects. 
D)  extent to which an experimental design reflects the real-world issues it explores. 
A)  extent to which the results of a study can improve human life. 
B)  reliability of naturalistic observation. 
C)  problem with placebo effects. 
D)  extent to which an experimental design reflects the real-world issues it explores.

Question 2

The ________ is determined by adding up participants' scores and dividing by the number of participants.

Accepted Answer

A)  median 
B)  standard deviation 
C)  correlation coefficient 
D)  mean 
A)  median 
B)  standard deviation 
C)  correlation coefficient 
D)  mean

Question 3

A study indicated a strong positive correlation between two variables. This means that

Accepted Answer

A)  as one variable increases, the other decreases. 
B)  the correlation is equal to zero. 
C)  one variable causes the other variable to occur. 
D)  as one variable increases, the other also increases. 
A)  as one variable increases, the other decreases. 
B)  the correlation is equal to zero. 
C)  one variable causes the other variable to occur. 
D)  as one variable increases, the other also increases.

Question 4

Professor Jacobs believes that sleep deprivation is related to conflicts between roommates. He collects data on the number of hours of sleep and the number of roommate conflicts for a group of college students over the course of a month. He obtains a correlation coefficient of
+0)75. What can he conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  Seventy-five percent of the conflicts he investigated were not related to sleep deprivation. 
B)  Sleep deprivation is associated with fewer conflicts. 
C)  Sleep deprivation is associated with more conflicts. 
D)  Sleep and conflict were not related. 
A)  Seventy-five percent of the conflicts he investigated were not related to sleep deprivation. 
B)  Sleep deprivation is associated with fewer conflicts. 
C)  Sleep deprivation is associated with more conflicts. 
D)  Sleep and conflict were not related.

Question 5

The first step of the scientific method is to formulate hypotheses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Five students had the following scores on a psychological test: 10, 10, 15, 25, and 40. The median of these five scores is

Accepted Answer

A)  10. 
B)  15. 
C)  20. 
D)  25 
A)  10. 
B)  15. 
C)  20. 
D)  25

Question 7

What, if anything, is wrong with over-generalizing the findings of a study that has a very small sample size?

Accepted Answer

A)  Nothing is wrong because sample size is irrelevant. 
B)  Random assignment is typically not used in studies with small samples. 
C)  The subjects may share a characteristic that does not occur across the chosen population. 
D)  Studies with small sample sizes do not have control groups. 
A)  Nothing is wrong because sample size is irrelevant. 
B)  Random assignment is typically not used in studies with small samples. 
C)  The subjects may share a characteristic that does not occur across the chosen population. 
D)  Studies with small sample sizes do not have control groups.

Question 8

Describe what an operational definition is and explain its importance in the field of psychology.

Accepted Answer

An operational definition is an objectiv

Question 9

In a ________ experiment, neither the participants nor the experimenter know which group receives the treatment.

Accepted Answer

A)  double-blind 
B)  controlled 
C)  naturalistic 
D)  placebo 
A)  double-blind 
B)  controlled 
C)  naturalistic 
D)  placebo

Question 10

Participants in a study listen to a lecture either in a lecture hall filled with natural light or in a lecture hall with no windows and artificial light. Before leaving the lectures, the participants fill out a mood survey. What is the independent variable in this study?

Accepted Answer

A)  participants' responses to the survey questions 
B)  number of participants 
C)  type of light 
D)  the mood survey 
A)  participants' responses to the survey questions 
B)  number of participants 
C)  type of light 
D)  the mood survey

Question 11

Random assignment of participants is important in order to ensure that

Accepted Answer

A)  independent variables are not restricted. 
B)  groups have equal and balanced composition. 
C)  genders and ages are viewed independently. 
D)  all participants having specific characteristics are viewed in a single group. 
A)  independent variables are not restricted. 
B)  groups have equal and balanced composition. 
C)  genders and ages are viewed independently. 
D)  all participants having specific characteristics are viewed in a single group.

Question 12

"The problem with drinking coffee in the evening," complained Saundra, "is that it interferes with my ability to fall asleep. My mind keeps racing, but my body is so tired!" Saundra is describing the ________ between caffeine intake and sleep.

Accepted Answer

A)  negative correlation 
B)  positive correlation 
C)  causal relationship 
D)  bias 
A)  negative correlation 
B)  positive correlation 
C)  causal relationship 
D)  bias

Question 13

A properly designed hypothesis will test a theory by predicting the

Accepted Answer

A)  random assignment of the experimental and control groups. 
B)  changes in the dependent variable that are caused by changes in the independent variable. 
C)  reduction of randomness caused by the experimental treatment. 
D)  participant error and its effect upon the results of the experiment. 
A)  random assignment of the experimental and control groups. 
B)  changes in the dependent variable that are caused by changes in the independent variable. 
C)  reduction of randomness caused by the experimental treatment. 
D)  participant error and its effect upon the results of the experiment.

Question 14

A variable is defined as anything that

Accepted Answer

A)  can be assigned a numerical value. 
B)  can be predicted. 
C)  can change. 
D)  stays constant. 
A)  can be assigned a numerical value. 
B)  can be predicted. 
C)  can change. 
D)  stays constant.

Question 15

Professor Rodman found a -0.72 correlation between the severity of injuries in an automobile accident and the use of seat belts. What can he conclude?

Accepted Answer

A)  Wearing seat belts saves lives. 
B)  People who wear seat belts are less likely to receive serious injuries in an accident. 
C)  People who wear seat belts will receive fewer injuries in an accident. 
D)  Wearing your seatbelt is not predictive of the type of injury one receives in an accident. 
A)  Wearing seat belts saves lives. 
B)  People who wear seat belts are less likely to receive serious injuries in an accident. 
C)  People who wear seat belts will receive fewer injuries in an accident. 
D)  Wearing your seatbelt is not predictive of the type of injury one receives in an accident.

Question 16

Deception in research is ethically allowed

Accepted Answer

A)  in correlational studies only. 
B)  only in the case of double-blind studies that provide subsequent debriefing. 
C)  in medical research only. 
D)  if the anticipated benefits outweigh the anticipated costs, and if participants are debriefed. 
A)  in correlational studies only. 
B)  only in the case of double-blind studies that provide subsequent debriefing. 
C)  in medical research only. 
D)  if the anticipated benefits outweigh the anticipated costs, and if participants are debriefed.

Question 17

Researchers are free to publish the identity of research participants who were studied using naturalistic observation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If Professor Jung wants to be able to draw cause and effect conclusions from her research, which of the following is the most crucial aspect of her experimental design?

Accepted Answer

A)  hypothesis formulation 
B)  random assignment 
C)  data recording 
D)  control group size 
A)  hypothesis formulation 
B)  random assignment 
C)  data recording 
D)  control group size

Question 19

When correlations are positive, this means that one variable caused another variable to
occur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Sonja believes the pill her doctor gave her has cured her of her anxiety disorder, even though, unbeknownst to her, the pill contained no active ingredients. Sonja's belief is an example of the ________ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  experimenter 
B)  bias 
C)  control 
D)  placebo 
A)  experimenter 
B)  bias 
C)  control 
D)  placebo

External validity refers to the

The ________ is determined by adding up participants' scores and dividing by the number of participants.

A study indicated a strong positive correlation between two variables. This means that

The first step of the scientific method is to formulate hypotheses.

Five students had the following scores on a psychological test: 10, 10, 15, 25, and 40. The median of these five scores is

What, if anything, is wrong with over-generalizing the findings of a study that has a very small sample size?

Describe what an operational definition is and explain its importance in the field of psychology.

In a ________ experiment, neither the participants nor the experimenter know which group receives the treatment.

Participants in a study listen to a lecture either in a lecture hall filled with natural light or in a lecture hall with no windows and artificial light. Before leaving the lectures, the participants fill out a mood survey. What is the independent variable in this study?

Random assignment of participants is important in order to ensure that

"The problem with drinking coffee in the evening," complained Saundra, "is that it interferes with my ability to fall asleep. My mind keeps racing, but my body is so tired!" Saundra is describing the ________ between caffeine intake and sleep.

A properly designed hypothesis will test a theory by predicting the

A variable is defined as anything that

Professor Rodman found a -0.72 correlation between the severity of injuries in an automobile accident and the use of seat belts. What can he conclude?

Deception in research is ethically allowed

Researchers are free to publish the identity of research participants who were studied using naturalistic observation.

If Professor Jung wants to be able to draw cause and effect conclusions from her research, which of the following is the most crucial aspect of her experimental design?

When correlations are positive, this means that one variable caused another variable to occur.

Sonja believes the pill her doctor gave her has cured her of her anxiety disorder, even though, unbeknownst to her, the pill contained no active ingredients. Sonja's belief is an example of the ________ effect.

Science of Psychology

Biological Foundations of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Conciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Human Development

Motivation and Emotion

Gender, Sex, and Sexuality

Personality

Social Psychology

Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Health Psychology

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Exam 2: Psychologys Scientific Method

External validity refers to the

The ________ is determined by adding up participants' scores and dividing by the number of participants.

A study indicated a strong positive correlation between two variables. This means that

The first step of the scientific method is to formulate hypotheses.

Five students had the following scores on a psychological test: 10, 10, 15, 25, and 40. The median of these five scores is

What, if anything, is wrong with over-generalizing the findings of a study that has a very small sample size?

Describe what an operational definition is and explain its importance in the field of psychology.

In a ________ experiment, neither the participants nor the experimenter know which group receives the treatment.

Participants in a study listen to a lecture either in a lecture hall filled with natural light or in a lecture hall with no windows and artificial light. Before leaving the lectures, the participants fill out a mood survey. What is the independent variable in this study?

Random assignment of participants is important in order to ensure that

"The problem with drinking coffee in the evening," complained Saundra, "is that it interferes with my ability to fall asleep. My mind keeps racing, but my body is so tired!" Saundra is describing the ________ between caffeine intake and sleep.

A properly designed hypothesis will test a theory by predicting the

A variable is defined as anything that

Professor Rodman found a -0.72 correlation between the severity of injuries in an automobile accident and the use of seat belts. What can he conclude?

Deception in research is ethically allowed

Researchers are free to publish the identity of research participants who were studied using naturalistic observation.

If Professor Jung wants to be able to draw cause and effect conclusions from her research, which of the following is the most crucial aspect of her experimental design?

When correlations are positive, this means that one variable caused another variable to occur.

Sonja believes the pill her doctor gave her has cured her of her anxiety disorder, even though, unbeknownst to her, the pill contained no active ingredients. Sonja's belief is an example of the ________ effect.

Science of Psychology

Biological Foundations of Behavior

Sensation and Perception

States of Conciousness

Learning

Memory

Thinking, Intelligence, and Language

Human Development

Motivation and Emotion

Gender, Sex, and Sexuality

Personality

Social Psychology

Industrial and Organizational Psychology

Psychological Disorders

Therapies

Health Psychology

Filters