Question 1

Legally enforced segregation in public schools is a form of ________ discrimination.

Accepted Answer

A)  de facto 
B)  de jure 
C)  stare decisis 
D)  suspect 
E)  intermediate 
A)  de facto 
B)  de jure 
C)  stare decisis 
D)  suspect 
E)  intermediate

Question 2

When did civil rights become part of the U.S. Constitution?

Accepted Answer

A)  Civil rights have always been part of the Constitution. 
B)  Civil rights were included in the Bill of Rights. 
C)  Civil rights were incorporated with the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment. 
D)  Civil rights were incorporated immediately following World War II. 
E)  Civil rights were incorporated when Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964. 
A)  Civil rights have always been part of the Constitution. 
B)  Civil rights were included in the Bill of Rights. 
C)  Civil rights were incorporated with the ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment. 
D)  Civil rights were incorporated immediately following World War II. 
E)  Civil rights were incorporated when Congress passed the Civil Rights Act of 1964.

Question 3

It was during the tenure of Chief Justice ________ that the Supreme Court established gender discrimination as a highly visible area of civil rights law.

Accepted Answer

A)  Taft 
B)  Warren 
C)  Burger 
D)  Rehnquist 
E)  Marshall 
A)  Taft 
B)  Warren 
C)  Burger 
D)  Rehnquist 
E)  Marshall

Question 4

In ________, the Supreme Court permitted busing children as a way of bringing about desegregation of schools.

Accepted Answer

A)  1942 
B)  1947 
C)  1964 
D)  1971 
E)  1985 
A)  1942 
B)  1947 
C)  1964 
D)  1971 
E)  1985

Question 5

Which of the following statements about the abolitionist movement is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The movement spread primarily through local organizations in the North. 
B)  The movement spawned two political parties: the Liberty Party and the Free Soil Party. 
C)  The movement grew in the 1830s. 
D)  Some members of the movement aided in the escape of runaway slaves through the Underground Railroad. 
E)  The movement focused most of its energies on eliminating slavery in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania. 
A)  The movement spread primarily through local organizations in the North. 
B)  The movement spawned two political parties: the Liberty Party and the Free Soil Party. 
C)  The movement grew in the 1830s. 
D)  Some members of the movement aided in the escape of runaway slaves through the Underground Railroad. 
E)  The movement focused most of its energies on eliminating slavery in New York, Ohio, and Pennsylvania.

Question 6

Mendez v. Westminster (1947) was significant because

Accepted Answer

A)  the decision to uphold policies that created separate schools for Mexican American and white students in California was eventually overturned by Brown v. Board of Education. 
B)  the decision to overturn school segregation of Mexican American students in California served as a precursor to Brown v. Board of Education. 
C)  it was the first court case in American history to rule on the issue of segregation. 
D)  it granted amnesty to all unauthorized immigrants. 
E)  it overturned state laws on who can become an American citizen. 
A)  the decision to uphold policies that created separate schools for Mexican American and white students in California was eventually overturned by Brown v. Board of Education. 
B)  the decision to overturn school segregation of Mexican American students in California served as a precursor to Brown v. Board of Education. 
C)  it was the first court case in American history to rule on the issue of segregation. 
D)  it granted amnesty to all unauthorized immigrants. 
E)  it overturned state laws on who can become an American citizen.

Question 7

Which of the following best summarizes the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

Accepted Answer

A)  Racially segregated schools can never be equal. 
B)  States that segregate must spend more money to make African American schools equal. 
C)  States that segregate must spend less money on all-white schools in order to make them equal with African American schools. 
D)  The federal judiciary, but not Congress, has the power to enforce civil rights. 
E)  School segregation is unethical but does not violate the Fourteenth Amendment. 
A)  Racially segregated schools can never be equal. 
B)  States that segregate must spend more money to make African American schools equal. 
C)  States that segregate must spend less money on all-white schools in order to make them equal with African American schools. 
D)  The federal judiciary, but not Congress, has the power to enforce civil rights. 
E)  School segregation is unethical but does not violate the Fourteenth Amendment.

Question 8

Which statement best describes the path to women's suffrage in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A)  Some states granted women the right to vote first, and then a constitutional amendment gave all women the right to vote. 
B)  A constitutional amendment gave all women the right to vote, and then each state passed laws granting women the right to vote. 
C)  During the fall of 1920, every state passed a law granting women the right to vote, and the United States Constitution was amended to give women the right to vote. 
D)  The Supreme Court ruled that laws prohibiting women's suffrage were unconstitutional, and all states were forced to give women the right to vote. 
E)  A majority of voters in every state passed a national ballot initiative granting women the right to vote. 
A)  Some states granted women the right to vote first, and then a constitutional amendment gave all women the right to vote. 
B)  A constitutional amendment gave all women the right to vote, and then each state passed laws granting women the right to vote. 
C)  During the fall of 1920, every state passed a law granting women the right to vote, and the United States Constitution was amended to give women the right to vote. 
D)  The Supreme Court ruled that laws prohibiting women's suffrage were unconstitutional, and all states were forced to give women the right to vote. 
E)  A majority of voters in every state passed a national ballot initiative granting women the right to vote.

Question 9

Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992) is important because it

Accepted Answer

A)  asserted that violations of Title IX of the 1972 Education Act could be remedied with monetary damages. 
B)  permitted public schools to experiment with gender segregation. 
C)  required states to fund schools on Indian reservations at the same levels as all other public schools. 
D)  narrowed the free speech rights that students enjoyed at school. 
E)  found busing to integrate schools unconstitutional. 
A)  asserted that violations of Title IX of the 1972 Education Act could be remedied with monetary damages. 
B)  permitted public schools to experiment with gender segregation. 
C)  required states to fund schools on Indian reservations at the same levels as all other public schools. 
D)  narrowed the free speech rights that students enjoyed at school. 
E)  found busing to integrate schools unconstitutional.

Question 10

The first slaves were brought to what would become the United States in ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  1619 
B)  1720 
C)  1763 
D)  1780 
E)  1787 
A)  1619 
B)  1720 
C)  1763 
D)  1780 
E)  1787

Question 11

________ inaugurated government affirmative action programs.

Accepted Answer

A)  Franklin Roosevelt 
B)  Dwight Eisenhower 
C)  Lyndon Johnson 
D)  Richard Nixon 
E)  Ronald Reagan 
A)  Franklin Roosevelt 
B)  Dwight Eisenhower 
C)  Lyndon Johnson 
D)  Richard Nixon 
E)  Ronald Reagan

Question 12

Ten years after Brown v. Board of Education (1954), ________ percent of black children in the Deep South attended school with white children.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 
B)  20 
C)  33 
D)  55 
E)  80 
A)  1 
B)  20 
C)  33 
D)  55 
E)  80

Question 13

Why did President Dwight Eisenhower deploy federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957?

Accepted Answer

A)  There were massive race riots as a result of a federal court order to bus white children into African American neighborhoods for schooling. 
B)  The governor of Arkansas mobilized the Arkansas National Guard to block the enforcement of a federal court order to integrate Little Rock Central High School. 
C)  Ku Klux Klan members from Little Rock were making terrorist threats against President Eisenhower if the local school district tried to integrate. 
D)  It was feared that communists had infiltrated the local government. 
E)  The local police refused to respond to calls from African American neighborhoods. 
A)  There were massive race riots as a result of a federal court order to bus white children into African American neighborhoods for schooling. 
B)  The governor of Arkansas mobilized the Arkansas National Guard to block the enforcement of a federal court order to integrate Little Rock Central High School. 
C)  Ku Klux Klan members from Little Rock were making terrorist threats against President Eisenhower if the local school district tried to integrate. 
D)  It was feared that communists had infiltrated the local government. 
E)  The local police refused to respond to calls from African American neighborhoods.

Question 14

Why did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) rely primarily on the courts to press for black political rights in its early years?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only the courts had the legal authority to grant African Americans political rights, so the litigation strategy was most consistent with the organization's goals. 
B)  The organization was composed of five members and, due to the fact that they were all lawyers, the strategy of litigation seemed to be the most logical choice. 
C)  The organization was legally prohibited from contacting elected officials at the state and local levels and, therefore, had no other alternative than a strategy of litigation. 
D)  Many judges were African American and, therefore, more sympathetic to the claims of the organization than legislators. 
E)  The northern African American vote was too small to bring about policy change at the legislative level, so the organization chose a strategy of litigation. 
A)  Only the courts had the legal authority to grant African Americans political rights, so the litigation strategy was most consistent with the organization's goals. 
B)  The organization was composed of five members and, due to the fact that they were all lawyers, the strategy of litigation seemed to be the most logical choice. 
C)  The organization was legally prohibited from contacting elected officials at the state and local levels and, therefore, had no other alternative than a strategy of litigation. 
D)  Many judges were African American and, therefore, more sympathetic to the claims of the organization than legislators. 
E)  The northern African American vote was too small to bring about policy change at the legislative level, so the organization chose a strategy of litigation.

Question 15

The ________ forbade workplace discrimination based on race.

Accepted Answer

A)  Fourteenth Amendment 
B)  Civil Rights Act of 1875 
C)  Civil Rights Act of 1964 
D)  Nineteenth Amendment 
E)  Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education 
A)  Fourteenth Amendment 
B)  Civil Rights Act of 1875 
C)  Civil Rights Act of 1964 
D)  Nineteenth Amendment 
E)  Supreme Court's decision in Brown v. Board of Education

Question 16

Suffragists called the Statue of Liberty "the greatest hypocrisy of the nineteenth century" because

Accepted Answer

A)  it was in New York-a state that had prohibited women from owning property throughout its history. 
B)  it was a gift from France and French women were frequently abused by their husbands during the time. 
C)  "liberty" had historically been represented as a male figure, not a female figure. 
D)  it was supposed to represent "liberty," yet women could not vote in the United States. 
E)  the statue did not wear clothes that were appropriate for women during the time. 
A)  it was in New York-a state that had prohibited women from owning property throughout its history. 
B)  it was a gift from France and French women were frequently abused by their husbands during the time. 
C)  "liberty" had historically been represented as a male figure, not a female figure. 
D)  it was supposed to represent "liberty," yet women could not vote in the United States. 
E)  the statue did not wear clothes that were appropriate for women during the time.

Question 17

During the late 1940s and 1950s, ________ was the head lawyer for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.

Accepted Answer

A)  John Marshall 
B)  Thurgood Marshall 
C)  James Byrnes 
D)  W. E. B. Du Bois 
E)  Felix Frankfurter 
A)  John Marshall 
B)  Thurgood Marshall 
C)  James Byrnes 
D)  W. E. B. Du Bois 
E)  Felix Frankfurter

Question 18

One step taken toward the desegregation of public schools was

Accepted Answer

A)  busing children from poor urban school districts to wealthier suburban ones. 
B)  outlawing of all forms of de facto segregation. 
C)  opening numerous private schools and academies. 
D)  providing white parents with valuable tax credits if they enrolled their children in all-African American schools. 
E)  attracting more black students to white schools by hiring only African American teachers. 
A)  busing children from poor urban school districts to wealthier suburban ones. 
B)  outlawing of all forms of de facto segregation. 
C)  opening numerous private schools and academies. 
D)  providing white parents with valuable tax credits if they enrolled their children in all-African American schools. 
E)  attracting more black students to white schools by hiring only African American teachers.

Question 19

________ once said, "Your denial of my citizen's right to vote is the denial of my right of consent as one of the governed, the denial of my right of representation as one of the taxed, the denial of my right to a trial of my peers as an offender against law."

Accepted Answer

A)  Dred Scott 
B)  Harriet Beecher Stowe 
C)  Elizabeth Cady Stanton 
D)  Lucretia Mott 
E)  Susan B. Anthony 
A)  Dred Scott 
B)  Harriet Beecher Stowe 
C)  Elizabeth Cady Stanton 
D)  Lucretia Mott 
E)  Susan B. Anthony

Question 20

In Lawrence v. Texas (2003), the Supreme Court justices

Accepted Answer

A)  upheld a state law banning private homosexual activity. 
B)  granted gays and lesbians status under the equal protection clause. 
C)  struck down a state law criminalizing homosexual conduct. 
D)  denied that homosexuals were a protected class under the Fourteenth Amendment. 
E)  ruled that gays and lesbians should be allowed to legally marry. 
A)  upheld a state law banning private homosexual activity. 
B)  granted gays and lesbians status under the equal protection clause. 
C)  struck down a state law criminalizing homosexual conduct. 
D)  denied that homosexuals were a protected class under the Fourteenth Amendment. 
E)  ruled that gays and lesbians should be allowed to legally marry.

Legally enforced segregation in public schools is a form of ________ discrimination.

When did civil rights become part of the U.S. Constitution?

It was during the tenure of Chief Justice ________ that the Supreme Court established gender discrimination as a highly visible area of civil rights law.

In ________, the Supreme Court permitted busing children as a way of bringing about desegregation of schools.

Which of the following statements about the abolitionist movement is FALSE?

Mendez v. Westminster (1947) was significant because

Which of the following best summarizes the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

Which statement best describes the path to women's suffrage in the United States?

Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992) is important because it

The first slaves were brought to what would become the United States in ________.

________ inaugurated government affirmative action programs.

Ten years after Brown v. Board of Education (1954), ________ percent of black children in the Deep South attended school with white children.

Why did President Dwight Eisenhower deploy federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957?

Why did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) rely primarily on the courts to press for black political rights in its early years?

The ________ forbade workplace discrimination based on race.

Suffragists called the Statue of Liberty "the greatest hypocrisy of the nineteenth century" because

During the late 1940s and 1950s, ________ was the head lawyer for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.

One step taken toward the desegregation of public schools was

________ once said, "Your denial of my citizen's right to vote is the denial of my right of consent as one of the governed, the denial of my right of representation as one of the taxed, the denial of my right to a trial of my peers as an offender against law."

In Lawrence v. Texas (2003), the Supreme Court justices

American Political Culture

The Founding and the Constitution

Federalism

Civil Liberties

Public Opinion

The Media

Political Participation and Voting

Political Parties

Campaigns and Elections

Groups and Interests

Congress

The Presidency

Bureaucracy in a Democracy

The Federal Courts

Government and the Economy

Social Policy

Foreign Policy and Democracy

Filters

Exam 5: Civil Rights

Legally enforced segregation in public schools is a form of ________ discrimination.

When did civil rights become part of the U.S. Constitution?

It was during the tenure of Chief Justice ________ that the Supreme Court established gender discrimination as a highly visible area of civil rights law.

In ________, the Supreme Court permitted busing children as a way of bringing about desegregation of schools.

Which of the following statements about the abolitionist movement is FALSE?

Mendez v. Westminster (1947) was significant because

Which of the following best summarizes the Supreme Court's ruling in Brown v. Board of Education (1954)?

Which statement best describes the path to women's suffrage in the United States?

Franklin v. Gwinnett County Public Schools (1992) is important because it

The first slaves were brought to what would become the United States in ________.

________ inaugurated government affirmative action programs.

Ten years after Brown v. Board of Education (1954), ________ percent of black children in the Deep South attended school with white children.

Why did President Dwight Eisenhower deploy federal troops to Little Rock, Arkansas, in 1957?

Why did the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) rely primarily on the courts to press for black political rights in its early years?

The ________ forbade workplace discrimination based on race.

Suffragists called the Statue of Liberty "the greatest hypocrisy of the nineteenth century" because

During the late 1940s and 1950s, ________ was the head lawyer for the NAACP Legal Defense Fund.

One step taken toward the desegregation of public schools was

________ once said, "Your denial of my citizen's right to vote is the denial of my right of consent as one of the governed, the denial of my right of representation as one of the taxed, the denial of my right to a trial of my peers as an offender against law."

In Lawrence v. Texas (2003), the Supreme Court justices

American Political Culture

The Founding and the Constitution

Federalism

Civil Liberties

Public Opinion

The Media

Political Participation and Voting

Political Parties

Campaigns and Elections

Groups and Interests

Congress

The Presidency

Bureaucracy in a Democracy

The Federal Courts

Government and the Economy

Social Policy

Foreign Policy and Democracy

Filters