Exam 4: Socialization

According to the textbook,the idea of childhood as a distinct stage of life emerged only in the late 1900s in societies that required better-educated adults and in which life expectancy rose.

What specific factors contributed to the emergence of childhood and adolescence as distinct stages of the life cycle in our culture?

Compare primary socialization,secondary socialization,and resocialization in terms of how they work and which situations they are appropriate for.

What do sociologists call widely shared expectations about how males and females are supposed to act?

Explain the role of empathy in creating cooperation between individuals and discuss what may happen if empathy continues to decline.

The process of socialization,which begins at birth,continues until when?

Globalization and a variety of technological advances have made the self more flexible than it used to be.

In Stanley Kubrick's movie A Clockwork Orange (1971),a violent criminal,Alex DeLarge,undergoes aversion therapy by the state while jailed,forcing him to watch violent acts such as the ones he committed before his apprehension.What type of place is he being held in?

Which of the following forms can feedback from any environment take?

Next summer Heather is going to Italy for the first time to do her first journalism internship at a media school there.She decides to prepare by enrolling in an Italian language course and also gets permission from a local journalist to come along and practise when she covers stories in her hometown in the months before she goes.What label do sociologists give Heather's behaviour?

Explain the influence of total institutions.How might someone resist authority within a total institution?

The Thomas theorem states that "even if we define situations as real,they are rarely real in their consequences."

To which theory does the concept of the hidden curriculum belong?

What do sociologists call the process by which people learn their culture and become aware of themselves as they interact with each other?

Parent-adolescent conflict is often temporary and,in the long run,families exert more influence on adolescents than peer groups do.Moreover,peer groups typically help members to integrate into the larger society and thus often serve as a source of social stability.

Which of the following do some analysts,discussed in the textbook,conclude about childhood and adolescence?

When a child pretends to be his father in a make-believe game of "house," who is the child pretending to be?

What is a virtual community and how are virtual communities relevant to socialization?

A child is getting her first ice-skating lesson.She steps on the ice and immediately falls.What has the environment provided her?

Although she is very thin,Heidi is convinced that everyone around her believes she is overweight.She adapts her eating behaviours so that she eats very little and when she does eat,she makes herself vomit in order to try to keep her weight down.Which of the following concepts describes Heidi's behaviour?