Question 1

Peterson and Peterson's participants had to count backwards in threes so that:

Accepted Answer

A) The researchers had some time to be organised 
B) They could show they were numerate 
C) They had something to think about 
D) They could not rehearse their trigram 
E) They became confused 
A) The researchers had some time to be organised 
B) They could show they were numerate 
C) They had something to think about 
D) They could not rehearse their trigram 
E) They became confused D

Question 2

A limitation of Loftus' research into eyewitness testimony is that:

Accepted Answer

A) It generated no applications 
B) As the participants were not real-life eyewitnesses, they may not have tried their hardest to be accurate 
C) It has led to bias in police interviewing 
D) The experiments were not sufficiently controlled 
E) None of these 
A) It generated no applications 
B) As the participants were not real-life eyewitnesses, they may not have tried their hardest to be accurate 
C) It has led to bias in police interviewing 
D) The experiments were not sufficiently controlled 
E) None of these B

Question 3

The study by Robbins et al. on working memory showed that the quality of performance was best when the second task involved the:

Accepted Answer

A) Central executive 
B) Episodic buffrer 
C) Phonological loop 
D) Visuo-spatial sketchpad 
E) All of these 
A) Central executive 
B) Episodic buffrer 
C) Phonological loop 
D) Visuo-spatial sketchpad 
E) All of these C

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a method of improving memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Stereotypes 
B) Method of loci 
C) Pegwords 
D) Story method 
E) Mindmaps 
A) Stereotypes 
B) Method of loci 
C) Pegwords 
D) Story method 
E) Mindmaps

Question 5

Procedural knowledge does not include knowing:

Accepted Answer

A) How to play the piano 
B) How to play football 
C) Your own name 
D) How to make a cup of tea 
E) How to eat a banana 
A) How to play the piano 
B) How to play football 
C) Your own name 
D) How to make a cup of tea 
E) How to eat a banana

Question 6

Which of the following is a true finding of Shuell's research into organisation and memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Recall is much better when information is presented in an organised way 
B) Using categories of information has no effect 
C) Organising information is not an effective use of time 
D) Random information is remembered as successfully as non-random information 
E) Having more knowledge of categories is unhelpful to memory 
A) Recall is much better when information is presented in an organised way 
B) Using categories of information has no effect 
C) Organising information is not an effective use of time 
D) Random information is remembered as successfully as non-random information 
E) Having more knowledge of categories is unhelpful to memory

Question 7

Which of the following is not a limitation of the cognitive interview?

Accepted Answer

A) Not all of the components may contribute to its success 
B) Misleading information still has an effect on recall 
C) There is a small increase in incorrect information 
D) It is less effective when used many weeks after the incident 
E) There is little research evidence to support it 
A) Not all of the components may contribute to its success 
B) Misleading information still has an effect on recall 
C) There is a small increase in incorrect information 
D) It is less effective when used many weeks after the incident 
E) There is little research evidence to support it

Question 8

Bartlett believed that memory is an active process involving taking in information and combining it with relevant schematic knowledge. This concept is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) Unreliable memory 
B) Long-term memory 
C) Short-term memory 
D) Reconstructive memory 
E) Schemas and stereotypes 
A) Unreliable memory 
B) Long-term memory 
C) Short-term memory 
D) Reconstructive memory 
E) Schemas and stereotypes

Question 9

A high level of recall for the first items in a list of free recall is known as the:

Accepted Answer

A) Primacy effect 
B) Recency effect 
C) Hindsight effect 
D) Mood-state-dependent theory 
E) First impression effect 
A) Primacy effect 
B) Recency effect 
C) Hindsight effect 
D) Mood-state-dependent theory 
E) First impression effect

Question 10

Bahrick studied very long term memories and found that, after 48 years, participants were best at:

Accepted Answer

A) Face and name recognition and free recall 
B) Face recognition 
C) Face and name recognition 
D) Free recall 
E) Name recognition 
A) Face and name recognition and free recall 
B) Face recognition 
C) Face and name recognition 
D) Free recall 
E) Name recognition

Question 11

The span of immediate memory was identified in 1956 to be 7 (plus or minus 2) by:

Accepted Answer

A) Atkinson 
B) Baddeley 
C) Bartlett 
D) Cherry 
E) Miller 
A) Atkinson 
B) Baddeley 
C) Bartlett 
D) Cherry 
E) Miller

Question 12

Shallice and Warrington's (1970) study of patient KF indicates that:

Accepted Answer

A) Different parts of the brain are involved in short-term and long-term memory 
B) Long-term and short-term memory are processed in the same area of the brain 
C) Short-term memory is more easily accessed than long-term memory 
D) Lack of rehearsal erodes long-term memory 
E) All of these 
A) Different parts of the brain are involved in short-term and long-term memory 
B) Long-term and short-term memory are processed in the same area of the brain 
C) Short-term memory is more easily accessed than long-term memory 
D) Lack of rehearsal erodes long-term memory 
E) All of these

Question 13

Which of the following does NOT feature in Atkinson and Shiffrin's (1968) model of memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Long-term store 
B) Sensory store 
C) Short-term store 
D) Conversion store 
E) Rehearsal 
A) Long-term store 
B) Sensory store 
C) Short-term store 
D) Conversion store 
E) Rehearsal

Question 14

What was the optimum number of categories for better retrieval found in Mandler's research?

Accepted Answer

A) Five 
B) Seven 
C) Nine 
D) Eleven 
E) Thirteen 
A) Five 
B) Seven 
C) Nine 
D) Eleven 
E) Thirteen

Question 15

Which of the following is NOT a component of Baddeley and Hitch's (1974) model of working memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Rehearsal 
B) Central executive 
C) Articulatory-phonological loop 
D) Visuo-spatial sketch pad 
E) Task allocator 
A) Rehearsal 
B) Central executive 
C) Articulatory-phonological loop 
D) Visuo-spatial sketch pad 
E) Task allocator

Question 16

Which of the following statements about encoding is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) Short-term memory uses mainly semantic encoding, whereas long-term memory uses mainly acoustic encoding 
B) Short-term memory uses mainly acoustic encoding, whereas long-term memory uses mainly semantic encoding 
C) Short-term memory uses mainly visual encoding, whereas long-term memory uses mainly semantic encoding 
D) Short-term memory uses mainly acoustic encoding, whereas long-term memory uses mainly visual encoding 
E) Short-term memory and long-term memory both use mainly semantic encoding 
A) Short-term memory uses mainly semantic encoding, whereas long-term memory uses mainly acoustic encoding 
B) Short-term memory uses mainly acoustic encoding, whereas long-term memory uses mainly semantic encoding 
C) Short-term memory uses mainly visual encoding, whereas long-term memory uses mainly semantic encoding 
D) Short-term memory uses mainly acoustic encoding, whereas long-term memory uses mainly visual encoding 
E) Short-term memory and long-term memory both use mainly semantic encoding

Question 17

The working memory model consists of a central executive, a phonological loop and:

Accepted Answer

A) A verbal store 
B) A visuo-spatial sketchpad 
C) Sensory memory 
D) Short-term memory 
E) Acoustic memory 
A) A verbal store 
B) A visuo-spatial sketchpad 
C) Sensory memory 
D) Short-term memory 
E) Acoustic memory

Question 18

Which of the following is NOT part of the recommendations for cognitive interviews?

Accepted Answer

A) Change of order 
B) Reinstatement of the original context 
C) Change of perspective 
D) Interruptions 
E) Report everything however unimportant 
A) Change of order 
B) Reinstatement of the original context 
C) Change of perspective 
D) Interruptions 
E) Report everything however unimportant

Question 19

Which of the following is NOT a feature of learning and memory?

Accepted Answer

A) Storage 
B) Encoding 
C) Decoding 
D) Retrieval 
E) Rehearsal 
A) Storage 
B) Encoding 
C) Decoding 
D) Retrieval 
E) Rehearsal

Peterson and Peterson's participants had to count backwards in threes so that:

A limitation of Loftus' research into eyewitness testimony is that:

The study by Robbins et al. on working memory showed that the quality of performance was best when the second task involved the:

Which of the following is NOT a method of improving memory?

Procedural knowledge does not include knowing:

Which of the following is a true finding of Shuell's research into organisation and memory?

Which of the following is not a limitation of the cognitive interview?

Bartlett believed that memory is an active process involving taking in information and combining it with relevant schematic knowledge. This concept is known as:

A high level of recall for the first items in a list of free recall is known as the:

Bahrick studied very long term memories and found that, after 48 years, participants were best at:

The span of immediate memory was identified in 1956 to be 7 (plus or minus 2) by:

Shallice and Warrington's (1970) study of patient KF indicates that:

Which of the following does NOT feature in Atkinson and Shiffrin's (1968) model of memory?

What was the optimum number of categories for better retrieval found in Mandler's research?

Which of the following is NOT a component of Baddeley and Hitch's (1974) model of working memory?

Which of the following statements about encoding is correct?

The working memory model consists of a central executive, a phonological loop and:

Which of the following is NOT part of the recommendations for cognitive interviews?

Which of the following is NOT a feature of learning and memory?

Methods of Investigation

Biological Bases of Behaviour

Stress

Emotion

Approaches and Treatments for Abnormal Behaviour

Filters

Exam 1: History of Psychology

Peterson and Peterson's participants had to count backwards in threes so that:

A limitation of Loftus' research into eyewitness testimony is that:

The study by Robbins et al. on working memory showed that the quality of performance was best when the second task involved the:

Which of the following is NOT a method of improving memory?

Procedural knowledge does not include knowing:

Which of the following is a true finding of Shuell's research into organisation and memory?

Which of the following is not a limitation of the cognitive interview?

Bartlett believed that memory is an active process involving taking in information and combining it with relevant schematic knowledge. This concept is known as:

A high level of recall for the first items in a list of free recall is known as the:

Bahrick studied very long term memories and found that, after 48 years, participants were best at:

The span of immediate memory was identified in 1956 to be 7 (plus or minus 2) by:

Shallice and Warrington's (1970) study of patient KF indicates that:

Which of the following does NOT feature in Atkinson and Shiffrin's (1968) model of memory?

What was the optimum number of categories for better retrieval found in Mandler's research?

Which of the following is NOT a component of Baddeley and Hitch's (1974) model of working memory?

Which of the following statements about encoding is correct?

The working memory model consists of a central executive, a phonological loop and:

Which of the following is NOT part of the recommendations for cognitive interviews?

Which of the following is NOT a feature of learning and memory?

Methods of Investigation

Biological Bases of Behaviour

Stress

Emotion

Approaches and Treatments for Abnormal Behaviour

Filters