Question 1

Which are the nonprobability methods of sampling?

Accepted Answer

A)  case-control and availability 
B)  convenience, quota, and case-control 
C)  availability, stratified, and quota 
D)  cluster, convenience, and quota 
A)  case-control and availability 
B)  convenience, quota, and case-control 
C)  availability, stratified, and quota 
D)  cluster, convenience, and quota

Question 2

Peter was unable to respond to a survey due to a health condition. John, his colleague, filled-out the survey in his place, in the best way that he could. What is this phenomenon called?

Accepted Answer

A)  biased response 
B)  proxy reporting 
C)  reporting error 
D)  absentee response 
A)  biased response 
B)  proxy reporting 
C)  reporting error 
D)  absentee response

Question 3

A measurement bias could occur regardless of the type of research study.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Social desirability bias could lead to a higher rate of item nonresponse.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is a cross-sectional study?

Accepted Answer

A)  a study with data collected at one time point 
B)  a research study of data for several time periods 
C)  a study comparing variables with each other 
D)  a research study of several themes or subtopics 
A)  a study with data collected at one time point 
B)  a research study of data for several time periods 
C)  a study comparing variables with each other 
D)  a research study of several themes or subtopics

Question 6

Describe the three types of bias that could occur in research studies, with the help of an example each.

Accepted Answer

The three types of bias that could occur

Question 7

The difference between the estimated and actual value of a variable for three cases were as follows: -3, +9, +2. What type of error do these differences suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)  bias 
B)  measurement error 
C)  random error 
D)  variance 
A)  bias 
B)  measurement error 
C)  random error 
D)  variance

Question 8

What does the term "matching" mean in case-control studies?

Accepted Answer

A)  pairing a case with a control based on similarity of one variable 
B)  sampling as many controls as the number of cases of interest 
C)  taking a preset number of cases with presence of a risk factor 
D)  selecting a fixed set of control units determined by the analyst 
A)  pairing a case with a control based on similarity of one variable 
B)  sampling as many controls as the number of cases of interest 
C)  taking a preset number of cases with presence of a risk factor 
D)  selecting a fixed set of control units determined by the analyst

Which are the nonprobability methods of sampling?

Peter was unable to respond to a survey due to a health condition. John, his colleague, filled-out the survey in his place, in the best way that he could. What is this phenomenon called?

A measurement bias could occur regardless of the type of research study.

Social desirability bias could lead to a higher rate of item nonresponse.

What is a cross-sectional study?

Describe the three types of bias that could occur in research studies, with the help of an example each.

The difference between the estimated and actual value of a variable for three cases were as follows: -3, +9, +2. What type of error do these differences suggest?

What does the term "matching" mean in case-control studies?

Introduction to Making Sense of Numbers

Foundational Concepts for Quantitative Research

Topic and Conceptualization

Measurement

Context

Working With Tables

Working With Charts and Visualizations

Comparison Values, Contrast Sizes, and Standards

Numbers, Comparisons, and Calculations

Distributions and Associations

Causality

Uncertainty of Numeric Estimates

Communicating Quantitative Research

The Role of Research Methods in Making Sense of Numbers

Filters

Exam 11: Bias

Which are the nonprobability methods of sampling?

Peter was unable to respond to a survey due to a health condition. John, his colleague, filled-out the survey in his place, in the best way that he could. What is this phenomenon called?

A measurement bias could occur regardless of the type of research study.

Social desirability bias could lead to a higher rate of item nonresponse.

What is a cross-sectional study?

Describe the three types of bias that could occur in research studies, with the help of an example each.

The difference between the estimated and actual value of a variable for three cases were as follows: -3, +9, +2. What type of error do these differences suggest?

What does the term "matching" mean in case-control studies?

Introduction to Making Sense of Numbers

Foundational Concepts for Quantitative Research

Topic and Conceptualization

Measurement

Context

Working With Tables

Working With Charts and Visualizations

Comparison Values, Contrast Sizes, and Standards

Numbers, Comparisons, and Calculations

Distributions and Associations

Causality

Uncertainty of Numeric Estimates

Communicating Quantitative Research

The Role of Research Methods in Making Sense of Numbers

Filters