Question 1

The negative state relief model of helping behavior

Accepted Answer

A)  supports the existence of altruism in the real world. 
B)  applies more to emergencies than to non-emergency situations. 
C)  identifies yet another way in which helping can be egoistic. 
D)  All of these 
A)  supports the existence of altruism in the real world. 
B)  applies more to emergencies than to non-emergency situations. 
C)  identifies yet another way in which helping can be egoistic. 
D)  All of these

Question 2

Kemmelmeier and colleagues (2006)found that residents of more individualistic states in the United States are _____ than residents of more collectivist states.

Accepted Answer

A)  less likely to offer assistance in an emergency 
B)  more likely to give to charity 
C)  more susceptible to the bystander effect 
D)  less generous 
A)  less likely to offer assistance in an emergency 
B)  more likely to give to charity 
C)  more susceptible to the bystander effect 
D)  less generous

Question 3

As compared to feelings of personal distress, empathic concern

Accepted Answer

A)  is more likely in emergency situations. 
B)  does not directly impact helping behavior. 
C)  is more cognitive in nature. 
D)  is other-oriented rather than self-oriented. 
A)  is more likely in emergency situations. 
B)  does not directly impact helping behavior. 
C)  is more cognitive in nature. 
D)  is other-oriented rather than self-oriented.

Question 4

The proposition that people react to emergency situations by acting in the most cost-effective way to reduce the arousal of shock and alarm is called the _____ model.

Accepted Answer

A)  arousal: cost-reward 
B)  negative state relief 
C)  empathy-altruism 
D)  five-step 
A)  arousal: cost-reward 
B)  negative state relief 
C)  empathy-altruism 
D)  five-step

Question 5

Benson and colleagues (1976)did an experiment in which an application packet was left at an airport phone booth with either an attractive or unattractive picture of the applicant.The packet had been ostensibly lost and had a stamped, addressed envelope with it.They found that

Accepted Answer

A)  people were more likely to send in the packets of the attractive than the unattractive applicants. 
B)  people were more likely to send in the packets of the unattractive than the attractive applicants. 
C)  people were more likely to help the attractive applicant only if they were known to the applicant and had the chance of developing a relationship with them. 
D)  people were more likely to help the unattractive applicant only if they were known to the applicant and had the chance of developing a relationship with them. 
A)  people were more likely to send in the packets of the attractive than the unattractive applicants. 
B)  people were more likely to send in the packets of the unattractive than the attractive applicants. 
C)  people were more likely to help the attractive applicant only if they were known to the applicant and had the chance of developing a relationship with them. 
D)  people were more likely to help the unattractive applicant only if they were known to the applicant and had the chance of developing a relationship with them.

Question 6

Research on the effects of helping in cross-race versus same-race situations shows that

Accepted Answer

A)  people are more likely to help those of their own race. 
B)  people are more likely to help those of a different race. 
C)  there is not a consistent relationship between racial similarity and helping. 
D)  people help persons of all races equally. 
A)  people are more likely to help those of their own race. 
B)  people are more likely to help those of a different race. 
C)  there is not a consistent relationship between racial similarity and helping. 
D)  people help persons of all races equally.

Question 7

Sandhya missed class because she is sick, but Luis did attend the lecture.Sandhya asks Luis if she can borrow his notes.If Luis considers Sandhya's situation from her point of view and decides to offer help, he is most likely

Accepted Answer

A)  invoking the norm of reciprocal altruism. 
B)  operating under an altruistic motive. 
C)  operating under an egoistic motive. 
D)  following the negative state relief model. 
A)  invoking the norm of reciprocal altruism. 
B)  operating under an altruistic motive. 
C)  operating under an egoistic motive. 
D)  following the negative state relief model.

Question 8

During his statistics class this morning, Stuart was completely confused.He considered asking questions during the lecture, but because nobody else asked questions, he did not want to raise his hand and make a fool of himself in front of everyone.Stuart's failure to ask questions most likely stems from

Accepted Answer

A)  diffusion of responsibility. 
B)  stimulus overload. 
C)  pluralistic ignorance. 
D)  audience inhibition. 
A)  diffusion of responsibility. 
B)  stimulus overload. 
C)  pluralistic ignorance. 
D)  audience inhibition.

Question 9

Asuni hears her neighbor's burglar alarm go off in the middle of the night, but she doesn't call the police because she assumes that one of the other neighbors will do so.Asuni's failure to call the police is the result of

Accepted Answer

A)  pluralistic ignorance. 
B)  audience inhibition. 
C)  diffusion of responsibility. 
D)  stimulus overload. 
A)  pluralistic ignorance. 
B)  audience inhibition. 
C)  diffusion of responsibility. 
D)  stimulus overload.

Question 10

The primary distinction between altruistic and egoistic helping concerns the

Accepted Answer

A)  motivations of the helper. 
B)  ratio of rewards to costs. 
C)  number of bystanders present. 
D)  mood of the helper. 
A)  motivations of the helper. 
B)  ratio of rewards to costs. 
C)  number of bystanders present. 
D)  mood of the helper.

Question 11

Research on situational factors that influence helping demonstrates that

Accepted Answer

A)  the lower the overall population, the more likely people are to help. 
B)  the higher the cost of living, the more likely people are to help. 
C)  the greater the population density, the more likely people are to help. 
D)  the lower the time pressure, the less likely people are to help. 
A)  the lower the overall population, the more likely people are to help. 
B)  the higher the cost of living, the more likely people are to help. 
C)  the greater the population density, the more likely people are to help. 
D)  the lower the time pressure, the less likely people are to help.

Question 12

The belief that others will or should take the responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need is called

Accepted Answer

A)  the bystander effect. 
B)  diffusion of responsibility. 
C)  pluralistic ignorance. 
D)  audience inhibition. 
A)  the bystander effect. 
B)  diffusion of responsibility. 
C)  pluralistic ignorance. 
D)  audience inhibition.

Question 13

Research on the empathy-altruism model has demonstrated that individuals _____ in empathic concern offer help _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  high; when escape from the situation is difficult, but not when escape is easy 
B)  low; if they can easily escape from the situation, but not if escape is difficult 
C)  high; regardless of the ease of escape from a situation 
D)  low; regardless of the ease of escape from a situation 
A)  high; when escape from the situation is difficult, but not when escape is easy 
B)  low; if they can easily escape from the situation, but not if escape is difficult 
C)  high; regardless of the ease of escape from a situation 
D)  low; regardless of the ease of escape from a situation

Question 14

Arianna notices that her neighbor's house is on fire.According to the arousal: cost-reward model, her initial reaction should be

Accepted Answer

A)  feelings of personal distress. 
B)  feelings of empathetic concern. 
C)  a consideration of the rewards of helping. 
D)  a consideration of the costs of helping. 
A)  feelings of personal distress. 
B)  feelings of empathetic concern. 
C)  a consideration of the rewards of helping. 
D)  a consideration of the costs of helping.

Question 15

Chiao (2011)estimates that approximately what percentage of prosocial behavior can be attributed to genetic effects?

Accepted Answer

A)  10% 
B)  34% 
C)  65% 
D)  88% 
A)  10% 
B)  34% 
C)  65% 
D)  88%

Question 16

Newman notices that the passenger seated across from him on the subway has his eyes closed and hasn't moved in a while.But he looks around and sees that no one else, including those passengers who were on the train when he boarded, seems too concerned about this man.He decides that this probably means there isn't an emergency and the man is not in need of help.This line of thinking epitomizes which of the following concepts?

Accepted Answer

A)  Stimulus overload 
B)  Pluralistic ignorance 
C)  Audience inhibition 
D)  Diffusion of responsibility 
A)  Stimulus overload 
B)  Pluralistic ignorance 
C)  Audience inhibition 
D)  Diffusion of responsibility

Question 17

Eleanor is asked to help the people who live on the other side of the city restore their block after it was burned down in a fire.It is most probable that she will help if _____ the people on the other side of the city.

Accepted Answer

A)  her personality is similar to that of 
B)  her values are similar to those of 
C)  she has the same social status as 
D)  she feels a meaningful connection with 
A)  her personality is similar to that of 
B)  her values are similar to those of 
C)  she has the same social status as 
D)  she feels a meaningful connection with

Question 18

Muriel, who is generally a happy person, becomes quite sad to find out that she failed her psychology exam.When her roommate asks Muriel for a ride to the airport, Muriel should

Accepted Answer

A)  be more likely to help. 
B)  be less likely to help. 
C)  focus more on the costs of helping rather than the rewards. 
D)  be more concerned with the potential for reciprocity. 
A)  be more likely to help. 
B)  be less likely to help. 
C)  focus more on the costs of helping rather than the rewards. 
D)  be more concerned with the potential for reciprocity.

Question 19

Ginny thinks she hears a husband physically abusing his wife.However, she does not call the police because she is afraid that her neighbors will ostracize her if she is wrong.Ginny's failure to act is a case of

Accepted Answer

A)  negative state relief. 
B)  audience inhibition. 
C)  empathic concern. 
D)  pluralistic ignorance. 
A)  negative state relief. 
B)  audience inhibition. 
C)  empathic concern. 
D)  pluralistic ignorance.

Question 20

Hye-su is thinking about how proud her parents are that she is in college, and how much they believe in her.This makes her feel more capable about her ability to succeed in college.Hye-su is benefiting from

Accepted Answer

A)  implicit social support. 
B)  explicit social support. 
C)  internal motivation. 
D)  external motivation. 
A)  implicit social support. 
B)  explicit social support. 
C)  internal motivation. 
D)  external motivation.

The negative state relief model of helping behavior

Kemmelmeier and colleagues (2006)found that residents of more individualistic states in the United States are _____ than residents of more collectivist states.

As compared to feelings of personal distress, empathic concern

The proposition that people react to emergency situations by acting in the most cost-effective way to reduce the arousal of shock and alarm is called the _____ model.

Benson and colleagues (1976)did an experiment in which an application packet was left at an airport phone booth with either an attractive or unattractive picture of the applicant.The packet had been ostensibly lost and had a stamped, addressed envelope with it.They found that

Research on the effects of helping in cross-race versus same-race situations shows that

Sandhya missed class because she is sick, but Luis did attend the lecture.Sandhya asks Luis if she can borrow his notes.If Luis considers Sandhya's situation from her point of view and decides to offer help, he is most likely

Asuni hears her neighbor's burglar alarm go off in the middle of the night, but she doesn't call the police because she assumes that one of the other neighbors will do so.Asuni's failure to call the police is the result of

The primary distinction between altruistic and egoistic helping concerns the

Research on situational factors that influence helping demonstrates that

The belief that others will or should take the responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need is called

Research on the empathy-altruism model has demonstrated that individuals _ in empathic concern offer help _.

Arianna notices that her neighbor's house is on fire.According to the arousal: cost-reward model, her initial reaction should be

Chiao (2011)estimates that approximately what percentage of prosocial behavior can be attributed to genetic effects?

Eleanor is asked to help the people who live on the other side of the city restore their block after it was burned down in a fire.It is most probable that she will help if _____ the people on the other side of the city.

Muriel, who is generally a happy person, becomes quite sad to find out that she failed her psychology exam.When her roommate asks Muriel for a ride to the airport, Muriel should

Ginny thinks she hears a husband physically abusing his wife.However, she does not call the police because she is afraid that her neighbors will ostracize her if she is wrong.Ginny's failure to act is a case of

Hye-su is thinking about how proud her parents are that she is in college, and how much they believe in her.This makes her feel more capable about her ability to succeed in college.Hye-su is benefiting from

What is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Aggression

Law

Business

Health and Well being

Filters

Exam 10: Helping Others

The negative state relief model of helping behavior

Kemmelmeier and colleagues (2006)found that residents of more individualistic states in the United States are _____ than residents of more collectivist states.

As compared to feelings of personal distress, empathic concern

The proposition that people react to emergency situations by acting in the most cost-effective way to reduce the arousal of shock and alarm is called the _____ model.

Benson and colleagues (1976)did an experiment in which an application packet was left at an airport phone booth with either an attractive or unattractive picture of the applicant.The packet had been ostensibly lost and had a stamped, addressed envelope with it.They found that

Research on the effects of helping in cross-race versus same-race situations shows that

Sandhya missed class because she is sick, but Luis did attend the lecture.Sandhya asks Luis if she can borrow his notes.If Luis considers Sandhya's situation from her point of view and decides to offer help, he is most likely

Asuni hears her neighbor's burglar alarm go off in the middle of the night, but she doesn't call the police because she assumes that one of the other neighbors will do so.Asuni's failure to call the police is the result of

The primary distinction between altruistic and egoistic helping concerns the

Research on situational factors that influence helping demonstrates that

The belief that others will or should take the responsibility for providing assistance to a person in need is called

Research on the empathy-altruism model has demonstrated that individuals _____ in empathic concern offer help _____.

Arianna notices that her neighbor's house is on fire.According to the arousal: cost-reward model, her initial reaction should be

Chiao (2011)estimates that approximately what percentage of prosocial behavior can be attributed to genetic effects?

Eleanor is asked to help the people who live on the other side of the city restore their block after it was burned down in a fire.It is most probable that she will help if _____ the people on the other side of the city.

Muriel, who is generally a happy person, becomes quite sad to find out that she failed her psychology exam.When her roommate asks Muriel for a ride to the airport, Muriel should

Ginny thinks she hears a husband physically abusing his wife.However, she does not call the police because she is afraid that her neighbors will ostracize her if she is wrong.Ginny's failure to act is a case of

Hye-su is thinking about how proud her parents are that she is in college, and how much they believe in her.This makes her feel more capable about her ability to succeed in college.Hye-su is benefiting from

What is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

The Social Self

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Aggression

Law

Business

Health and Well being

Filters

Research on the empathy-altruism model has demonstrated that individuals _ in empathic concern offer help _.