Question 1

The "ABCs of the self" refer to affect, behavior, and cognition.Which of these three concepts is most relevant to the idea of self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  Affect 
B)  Behavior 
C)  Cognition 
D)  All of these 
A)  Affect 
B)  Behavior 
C)  Cognition 
D)  All of these

Question 2

Marcia is unsure about whether Jan is her best friend.She thinks about how many times she has listened to Jan complain about her boyfriend, helped Jan study for difficult exams, and brought soup to Jan when she was sick.Marcia realizes that she speaks to Jan almost every night.After thinking about all this, Marcia concludes that Jan must be her best friend.This conclusion is based on a process described by

Accepted Answer

A)  self-perception theory. 
B)  social comparison theory. 
C)  self-awareness theory. 
D)  self-discrepancy theory. 
A)  self-perception theory. 
B)  social comparison theory. 
C)  self-awareness theory. 
D)  self-discrepancy theory.

Question 3

Taylor and Brown (1988)suggest that people are more likely to have realistic views of themselves when they are

Accepted Answer

A)  depressed. 
B)  happy. 
C)  high in self-esteem. 
D)  low in self-awareness. 
A)  depressed. 
B)  happy. 
C)  high in self-esteem. 
D)  low in self-awareness.

Question 4

Which of the following is an example of ingratiation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Telling a potential employer about the projects that you successfully led at your previous job 
B)  Taking more credit for a project done well than is rightfully yours 
C)  Telling a potential employer that you are very interested in the company and position, even if you are not 
D)  Describing your skills and abilities in an attractive way 
A)  Telling a potential employer about the projects that you successfully led at your previous job 
B)  Taking more credit for a project done well than is rightfully yours 
C)  Telling a potential employer that you are very interested in the company and position, even if you are not 
D)  Describing your skills and abilities in an attractive way

Question 5

Rebecca fills out a survey in which she asserts complete agreement with the statement, "I enjoy being unique and different from others." With which cultural orientation does she most likely identify?

Accepted Answer

A)  Individualism 
B)  Collectivism 
C)  Multiculturalism 
D)  Cooperativism 
A)  Individualism 
B)  Collectivism 
C)  Multiculturalism 
D)  Cooperativism

Question 6

Identify two biases in autobiographical memory, and give illustrative examples.

Accepted Answer

First, people exhibit an egocentric bias

Question 7

Anquan is frustrated by the incompetence of his professor during class today, and it takes a great deal of effort for him to refrain from standing up during the lecture to tell her she does not know what she is talking about.According to Muraven and Baumeister's (2000)theory of self-control, which of the following outcomes is most likely to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)  When he gets back to his dorm after class, Anquan eats an entire pint of cookie dough ice cream. 
B)  Next week, he has an even tougher time sitting quietly through lecture. 
C)  When he goes to the gym after class, he is able to stay on the elliptical machine for 20 minutes longer than he ever has before. 
D)  He decides to work even harder in the course and winds up earning a final grade of A+. 
A)  When he gets back to his dorm after class, Anquan eats an entire pint of cookie dough ice cream. 
B)  Next week, he has an even tougher time sitting quietly through lecture. 
C)  When he goes to the gym after class, he is able to stay on the elliptical machine for 20 minutes longer than he ever has before. 
D)  He decides to work even harder in the course and winds up earning a final grade of A+.

Question 8

When people are self-focused, they

Accepted Answer

A)  exhibit temporary increases in self-esteem. 
B)  have a lower incidence of alcoholism, anxiety, and other clinical disorders. 
C)  are less likely to find themselves in a bad mood. 
D)  tend to behave in ways that are consistent with their personal standards. 
A)  exhibit temporary increases in self-esteem. 
B)  have a lower incidence of alcoholism, anxiety, and other clinical disorders. 
C)  are less likely to find themselves in a bad mood. 
D)  tend to behave in ways that are consistent with their personal standards.

Question 9

A husband and wife are asked to estimate how much each of them contributes to the household chores.Based on the research concerning autobiographical memory, which of the following patterns of results is most probable?

Accepted Answer

A)  Husband 50%, wife 50% 
B)  Husband 50%, wife 70% 
C)  Husband 70%, wife 50% 
D)  Husband 70%, wife 70% 
A)  Husband 50%, wife 50% 
B)  Husband 50%, wife 70% 
C)  Husband 70%, wife 50% 
D)  Husband 70%, wife 70%

Question 10

Schachter (1959)found that participants expecting to receive painful electric shocks preferred the company of others who were in the same situation.These results suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  social comparison processes are used to evaluate emotions. 
B)  emotions have a strong physiological component. 
C)  self-handicapping is more about self-presentation than self-enhancement. 
D)  people are relatively inaccurate at affective forecasting. 
A)  social comparison processes are used to evaluate emotions. 
B)  emotions have a strong physiological component. 
C)  self-handicapping is more about self-presentation than self-enhancement. 
D)  people are relatively inaccurate at affective forecasting.

Question 11

According to the SOKA model, we should know ourselves better than others on traits that are

Accepted Answer

A)  internal. 
B)  external 
C)  easy to observe. 
D)  evaluative. 
A)  internal. 
B)  external 
C)  easy to observe. 
D)  evaluative.

Question 12

Kirk is extremely politically conservative.Most information that he learns he tends to evaluate to place it on the political spectrum as either similar to his personal beliefs or different from them.Kirk is probably on politics.

Accepted Answer

A)  schematic 
B)  aschematic 
C)  dialectic 
D)  egotistic 
A)  schematic 
B)  aschematic 
C)  dialectic 
D)  egotistic

Question 13

Which of the "ABCs of the self" is most relevant to the idea of the self-concept?

Accepted Answer

A)  Affect 
B)  Behavior 
C)  Biology 
D)  Cognition 
A)  Affect 
B)  Behavior 
C)  Biology 
D)  Cognition

Question 14

Which of the following is not a self-serving tendency used to enhance self-esteem?

Accepted Answer

A)  People tend to take credit for their successes, but not their failures. 
B)  People underestimate the probability of positive outcomes and overestimate the probability that they will experience negative outcomes. 
C)  People overestimate the extent to which they can control personal outcomes. 
D)  People bolster their optimism by linking their individual attributes to desirable outcomes. 
A)  People tend to take credit for their successes, but not their failures. 
B)  People underestimate the probability of positive outcomes and overestimate the probability that they will experience negative outcomes. 
C)  People overestimate the extent to which they can control personal outcomes. 
D)  People bolster their optimism by linking their individual attributes to desirable outcomes.

Question 15

Higgins's (1979)self-discrepancy theory suggests that we each have an "actual self," an "ought self," and an "ideal self." According to Higgins, discrepancies between the ________ self and the actual self often lead to low self-esteem and feelings of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ought; frustration 
B)  ought; shame 
C)  ideal; superiority 
D)  ideal; hostility 
A)  ought; frustration 
B)  ought; shame 
C)  ideal; superiority 
D)  ideal; hostility

Question 16

When Maria, a Latin American student, is asked to describe herself in one word during her college interview, she wants to truly express her Latina culture.Which of the following characteristics is she most likely to emphasize?

Accepted Answer

A)  Intelligence 
B)  Graciousness 
C)  Drive 
D)  Strength 
A)  Intelligence 
B)  Graciousness 
C)  Drive 
D)  Strength

Question 17

Introspection and self-perception theory make _____ predictions about the extent to which people can know themselves.

Accepted Answer

A)  consonant 
B)  conflicting 
C)  the same 
D)  accurate 
A)  consonant 
B)  conflicting 
C)  the same 
D)  accurate

Question 18

Newman is having a very bad day-he overslept for his final exam, spilled coffee on himself at work, and got a speeding ticket on the way home.According to the facial feedback hypothesis, what will happen if he increases tension in the facial muscles normally active during frowning?

Accepted Answer

A)  It will reduce the intensity of his negative emotional experience. 
B)  It will intensify his negative emotional experience. 
C)  It will create a competing positive emotion. 
D)  Because he is already in a bad mood, it will have no impact on his emotional experience. 
A)  It will reduce the intensity of his negative emotional experience. 
B)  It will intensify his negative emotional experience. 
C)  It will create a competing positive emotion. 
D)  Because he is already in a bad mood, it will have no impact on his emotional experience.

Question 19

Thinking about God triggers a state of self-focus for individuals who have

Accepted Answer

A)  just done something morally wrong. 
B)  just done something morally right. 
C)  strong religious beliefs. 
D)  weak religious beliefs. 
A)  just done something morally wrong. 
B)  just done something morally right. 
C)  strong religious beliefs. 
D)  weak religious beliefs.

Question 20

Research using new technologies has determined that

Accepted Answer

A)  different areas of the brain are activated when people are shown photos of themselves as opposed to photos of others. 
B)  different areas of the brain are activated when American participants are shown photos of themselves as opposed to photos of others, but such differentiation does not occur among Korean participants. 
C)  brain activity does not vary depending on whether or not a stimulus is self-relevant. 
D)  PET scans are not particularly informative for investigations of the self-concept, but fMRI is. 
A)  different areas of the brain are activated when people are shown photos of themselves as opposed to photos of others. 
B)  different areas of the brain are activated when American participants are shown photos of themselves as opposed to photos of others, but such differentiation does not occur among Korean participants. 
C)  brain activity does not vary depending on whether or not a stimulus is self-relevant. 
D)  PET scans are not particularly informative for investigations of the self-concept, but fMRI is.

The "ABCs of the self" refer to affect, behavior, and cognition.Which of these three concepts is most relevant to the idea of self-esteem?

Taylor and Brown (1988)suggest that people are more likely to have realistic views of themselves when they are

Which of the following is an example of ingratiation?

Rebecca fills out a survey in which she asserts complete agreement with the statement, "I enjoy being unique and different from others." With which cultural orientation does she most likely identify?

Identify two biases in autobiographical memory, and give illustrative examples.

When people are self-focused, they

A husband and wife are asked to estimate how much each of them contributes to the household chores.Based on the research concerning autobiographical memory, which of the following patterns of results is most probable?

Schachter (1959)found that participants expecting to receive painful electric shocks preferred the company of others who were in the same situation.These results suggest that

According to the SOKA model, we should know ourselves better than others on traits that are

Kirk is extremely politically conservative.Most information that he learns he tends to evaluate to place it on the political spectrum as either similar to his personal beliefs or different from them.Kirk is probably on politics.

Which of the "ABCs of the self" is most relevant to the idea of the self-concept?

Which of the following is not a self-serving tendency used to enhance self-esteem?

Higgins's (1979)self-discrepancy theory suggests that we each have an "actual self," an "ought self," and an "ideal self." According to Higgins, discrepancies between the self and the actual self often lead to low self-esteem and feelings of .

When Maria, a Latin American student, is asked to describe herself in one word during her college interview, she wants to truly express her Latina culture.Which of the following characteristics is she most likely to emphasize?

Introspection and self-perception theory make _____ predictions about the extent to which people can know themselves.

Newman is having a very bad day-he overslept for his final exam, spilled coffee on himself at work, and got a speeding ticket on the way home.According to the facial feedback hypothesis, what will happen if he increases tension in the facial muscles normally active during frowning?

Thinking about God triggers a state of self-focus for individuals who have

Research using new technologies has determined that

What is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health and Well being

Filters

Exam 3: The Social Self

The "ABCs of the self" refer to affect, behavior, and cognition.Which of these three concepts is most relevant to the idea of self-esteem?

Taylor and Brown (1988)suggest that people are more likely to have realistic views of themselves when they are

Which of the following is an example of ingratiation?

Rebecca fills out a survey in which she asserts complete agreement with the statement, "I enjoy being unique and different from others." With which cultural orientation does she most likely identify?

Identify two biases in autobiographical memory, and give illustrative examples.

When people are self-focused, they

A husband and wife are asked to estimate how much each of them contributes to the household chores.Based on the research concerning autobiographical memory, which of the following patterns of results is most probable?

Schachter (1959)found that participants expecting to receive painful electric shocks preferred the company of others who were in the same situation.These results suggest that

According to the SOKA model, we should know ourselves better than others on traits that are

Kirk is extremely politically conservative.Most information that he learns he tends to evaluate to place it on the political spectrum as either similar to his personal beliefs or different from them.Kirk is probably on politics.

Which of the "ABCs of the self" is most relevant to the idea of the self-concept?

Which of the following is not a self-serving tendency used to enhance self-esteem?

Higgins's (1979)self-discrepancy theory suggests that we each have an "actual self," an "ought self," and an "ideal self." According to Higgins, discrepancies between the ________ self and the actual self often lead to low self-esteem and feelings of ________.

When Maria, a Latin American student, is asked to describe herself in one word during her college interview, she wants to truly express her Latina culture.Which of the following characteristics is she most likely to emphasize?

Introspection and self-perception theory make _____ predictions about the extent to which people can know themselves.

Newman is having a very bad day-he overslept for his final exam, spilled coffee on himself at work, and got a speeding ticket on the way home.According to the facial feedback hypothesis, what will happen if he increases tension in the facial muscles normally active during frowning?

Thinking about God triggers a state of self-focus for individuals who have

Research using new technologies has determined that

What is Social Psychology

Doing Social Psychology Research

Perceiving Persons

Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination

Attitudes

Conformity

Group Processes

Attraction and Close Relationships

Helping Others

Aggression

Law

Business

Health and Well being

Filters

Higgins's (1979)self-discrepancy theory suggests that we each have an "actual self," an "ought self," and an "ideal self." According to Higgins, discrepancies between the self and the actual self often lead to low self-esteem and feelings of .