Exam 17: Chi-Square and Other Nonparametric Tests

The Kruskal-Wallis test is used with a correlated groups design.

Define observed frequency ( f_o ).

Even though for a given experiment U _obt and U ?2'_obt have different values, they still indicate the same degree of separation.

Consider the following table. What is the appropriate statistical test to use to analyze this data if it were all nominal data.

The Mann-Whitney U test can only be used to analyze directional alternative hypotheses.

If your answer to question 71 is yes, what is the name of the test?

A study is conducted to determine whether sunshine affects depression. Eight individuals are given a questionnaire measuring depression immediately following a run of 10 consecutive days when the sun shone for over 80% of the daylight hours. The same individuals have their depression measured immediately following 10 consecutive days without any sunshine. The following data are collected. The higher the score the greater the depression. Using the Wilcoxon signed ranks test to evaluate the data with a = 0.05 2 tail , what do you conclude? Assume for the purpose of this question, that sunshine was the only systematic difference between the conditions.

The Kruskal-Wallis test requires only ordinal scaling of the dependent variable.

A contingency table _________.

The Mann-Whitney U test analyzes the separation between the groups.

A student at a Midwest college is interested in whether Psychology majors spend more or less time studying than English majors. She randomly selects 8 Psychology majors and 8 English majors and determines their weekly studying time. The following are the scores. Note one person dropped out of the study. An analysis is being conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. The value of U obt is _________.

Given the following data:

To use the Wilcoxin signed ranks test, the difference scores must be at least of ordinal scaling.

Someone has told you that left-handed people have different spatial reasoning abilities than right-handed people. You are skeptical, so you decide to test the idea. You randomly select 15 people from your class and administer a spatial reasoning test to them. A higher score reflects better spatial reasoning. You obtain the following results. a. State the null hypothesis. b. State the alternative hypothesis. c. Assume the data do not allow analysis with the t test.Analyze the data with the most powerful alternative test. What is your conclusion using a = 0.05 2 tail ?

A student at a Midwest college is interested in whether Psychology majors spend more or less time studying than English majors. She randomly selects 8 Psychology majors and 8 English majors and determines their weekly studying time. The following are the scores. Note one person dropped out of the study. An analysis is being conducted using the Mann-Whitney U test. Using a = 0.05 2 tail , what do you conclude?

Prior to a recent gubernatorial election, a survey was conducted to determine whether there was a relationship between sexual gender and preference for the Democratic or Republican candidate. The following data were recorded. Assume the data will be analyzed with Chi-square. The value of c 2obt = _________.

Define marginals.

What is a contingency table?

What variable does the Mann-Whitney U test measure to determine if the IV has had a real effect? What is the relationship between this variable and the real effect of the IV that makes this variable legitimate to use?

Chi-square should not be used if _________.