Question 1

Magazine training involves which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) reinforcement of successive approximations 
B) non-reinforcement of earlier response forms 
C) classical conditioning 
D) All of the above 
A) reinforcement of successive approximations 
B) non-reinforcement of earlier response forms 
C) classical conditioning 
D) All of the above

Question 2

A drug has been discovered to inhibit the dorsal raphe nucleus, you predict its effect will be

Accepted Answer

A) to enhance the learned helplessness effect. 
B) to block the learned helplessness effect. 
C) to artificially simulate the learned helplessness effect. 
D) none of the above 
A) to enhance the learned helplessness effect. 
B) to block the learned helplessness effect. 
C) to artificially simulate the learned helplessness effect. 
D) none of the above

Question 3

Research has suggested that which brain region mediates long-term consequences of uncontrollable aversive stimuli?

Accepted Answer

A) dorsal raphe nucleus 
B) occipital cortex 
C) pre posterior nuclei 
D) lateral medial nuclei 
A) dorsal raphe nucleus 
B) occipital cortex 
C) pre posterior nuclei 
D) lateral medial nuclei

Question 4

Imagine that a friend of yours has committed a faux pas at your dinner party. Rather than embarrass your friend with an immediate correction, you wait until the party is over. Why is this not likely to alter your friend's behavior? What could you have done to improve the chances that a correction administered after the party would change the behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Imagine that a friend of yours has...

Question 5

According to the law of effect, which of the following elements is not a component of the conditioned association?

Accepted Answer

A) stimulus 
B) outcome 
C) response 
D) All of the above are involved. 
A) stimulus 
B) outcome 
C) response 
D) All of the above are involved.

Question 6

Activating the ventral medial prefrontal cortex

Accepted Answer

A) substitutes for behavioral control in learned helplessness paradigms. 
B) interferes with behavioral control in learned helplessness paradigms. 
C) provides evidence supporting the learned helplessness hypothesis. 
D) none of the above 
A) substitutes for behavioral control in learned helplessness paradigms. 
B) interferes with behavioral control in learned helplessness paradigms. 
C) provides evidence supporting the learned helplessness hypothesis. 
D) none of the above

Question 7

Graduate students are barely given enough money to buy noodle soup. When they finish their degrees they jump at the chance to work for a university for pauper's wages. The universities are able to keep the salaries low and still have plenty of applicants because of

Accepted Answer

A) positive contrast. 
B) negative contrast. 
C) simultaneous contrast. 
D) stereotypic contrast. 
A) positive contrast. 
B) negative contrast. 
C) simultaneous contrast. 
D) stereotypic contrast.

Question 8

Which of the following is an example of omission training?

Accepted Answer

A) Wanda cannot play with her friends because she was out too late yesterday evening. 
B) Robert takes out the garbage to stop his roommate's nagging. 
C) Billy sleeps late to avoid taking his history final. 
D) Ellie stops crying when she gets a lollipop. 
A) Wanda cannot play with her friends because she was out too late yesterday evening. 
B) Robert takes out the garbage to stop his roommate's nagging. 
C) Billy sleeps late to avoid taking his history final. 
D) Ellie stops crying when she gets a lollipop.

Question 9

Ralph only gets to watch television in the afternoons if he doesn't hit his sister. Otherwise, he must spend the afternoon in his room. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) differential reinforcement of other behavior. 
B) avoidance training. 
C) punishment. 
D) negative reinforcement. 
A) differential reinforcement of other behavior. 
B) avoidance training. 
C) punishment. 
D) negative reinforcement.

Question 10

A negative contingency between a response and an appetitive stimulus is also known as

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) omission training. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) punishment. 
D) omission training.

Question 11

Which would you expect to show the least avoidance learning?

Accepted Answer

A) those subjects who had prior escape-avoidance training with escapable shock 
B) those subjects who had prior escape-avoidance training with inescapable shock 
C) those subjects who were merely restricted to the escape-avoidance training apparatus and that received no shocks 
D) any of the above depending on the intensity of the shocks delivered 
A) those subjects who had prior escape-avoidance training with escapable shock 
B) those subjects who had prior escape-avoidance training with inescapable shock 
C) those subjects who were merely restricted to the escape-avoidance training apparatus and that received no shocks 
D) any of the above depending on the intensity of the shocks delivered

Question 12

What is the learned-helplessness effect? Describe two competing explanations of the effect. How is the effect mediated by the dorsal raphe nucleus and the prefrontal cortex?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the learned-helplessness effect? Describe two...

Question 13

Dave the Druid makes a sacrificial offering of wine to the sun every 365 days. Each time he does so, the sun rises over the same stone. Dave believes pouring wine over the stone causes the sun to rise there because he has made a mistake in the _____ component of the response reinforcer relationship.

Accepted Answer

A) temporal contiguity 
B) belongingness 
C) contingency 
D) timing 
A) temporal contiguity 
B) belongingness 
C) contingency 
D) timing

Question 14

What was the purpose of Skinner's superstition experiment? What were the results, and how have those results been reinterpreted?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What was the purpose of Skinner's superstition...

Question 15

What is the current thinking about instrumental reinforcement and creativity, and what is the relevant experimental evidence?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the current thinking about instrumental...

Question 16

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Accepted Answer

A) Stella changes the oil in her car to avoid engine seizure. 
B) Mark hits his little brother because the brother broke Mark's bike. 
C) Suzie cries after losing the card game. 
D) Ed gets a gold star because he didn't act out. 
A) Stella changes the oil in her car to avoid engine seizure. 
B) Mark hits his little brother because the brother broke Mark's bike. 
C) Suzie cries after losing the card game. 
D) Ed gets a gold star because he didn't act out.

Question 17

Compare and contrast free-operant and discrete-trial methods for the study of instrumental behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast free-operant and discrete-trial methods...

Question 18

Which of the following is true of an operant response?

Accepted Answer

A) Response speed determines outcome. 
B) Pushing a lever with a paw and pushing a lever with the snout are equivalent. 
C) Licking a water spout and pushing a response lever are equivalent. 
D) Licking a water spout and chewing a food pellet are equivalent. 
A) Response speed determines outcome. 
B) Pushing a lever with a paw and pushing a lever with the snout are equivalent. 
C) Licking a water spout and pushing a response lever are equivalent. 
D) Licking a water spout and chewing a food pellet are equivalent.

Question 19

In some instances, removing a stimulus after some response decreases the occurrence of that response. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) omission training. 
D) punishment. 
A) positive reinforcement. 
B) negative reinforcement. 
C) omission training. 
D) punishment.

Question 20

Describe how you would go about training a dog to open a refrigerator to fetch a can of soda. Make sure to include the details of the magazine training and shaping.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe how you would go about training...

Magazine training involves which of the following?

A drug has been discovered to inhibit the dorsal raphe nucleus, you predict its effect will be

Research has suggested that which brain region mediates long-term consequences of uncontrollable aversive stimuli?

According to the law of effect, which of the following elements is not a component of the conditioned association?

Activating the ventral medial prefrontal cortex

Graduate students are barely given enough money to buy noodle soup. When they finish their degrees they jump at the chance to work for a university for pauper's wages. The universities are able to keep the salaries low and still have plenty of applicants because of

Which of the following is an example of omission training?

Ralph only gets to watch television in the afternoons if he doesn't hit his sister. Otherwise, he must spend the afternoon in his room. This is an example of

A negative contingency between a response and an appetitive stimulus is also known as

Which would you expect to show the least avoidance learning?

What is the learned-helplessness effect? Describe two competing explanations of the effect. How is the effect mediated by the dorsal raphe nucleus and the prefrontal cortex?

Dave the Druid makes a sacrificial offering of wine to the sun every 365 days. Each time he does so, the sun rises over the same stone. Dave believes pouring wine over the stone causes the sun to rise there because he has made a mistake in the _____ component of the response reinforcer relationship.

What was the purpose of Skinner's superstition experiment? What were the results, and how have those results been reinterpreted?

What is the current thinking about instrumental reinforcement and creativity, and what is the relevant experimental evidence?

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Compare and contrast free-operant and discrete-trial methods for the study of instrumental behavior.

Which of the following is true of an operant response?

In some instances, removing a stimulus after some response decreases the occurrence of that response. This is an example of

Describe how you would go about training a dog to open a refrigerator to fetch a can of soda. Make sure to include the details of the magazine training and shaping.

Introduction

Elicited Behavior Habituation and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Averse Control

Comparative Cognition I

Comparative Cognition II

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Exam 5: Instrumental Conditioning

Magazine training involves which of the following?

A drug has been discovered to inhibit the dorsal raphe nucleus, you predict its effect will be

Research has suggested that which brain region mediates long-term consequences of uncontrollable aversive stimuli?

According to the law of effect, which of the following elements is not a component of the conditioned association?

Activating the ventral medial prefrontal cortex

Graduate students are barely given enough money to buy noodle soup. When they finish their degrees they jump at the chance to work for a university for pauper's wages. The universities are able to keep the salaries low and still have plenty of applicants because of

Which of the following is an example of omission training?

Ralph only gets to watch television in the afternoons if he doesn't hit his sister. Otherwise, he must spend the afternoon in his room. This is an example of

A negative contingency between a response and an appetitive stimulus is also known as

Which would you expect to show the least avoidance learning?

What is the learned-helplessness effect? Describe two competing explanations of the effect. How is the effect mediated by the dorsal raphe nucleus and the prefrontal cortex?

What was the purpose of Skinner's superstition experiment? What were the results, and how have those results been reinterpreted?

What is the current thinking about instrumental reinforcement and creativity, and what is the relevant experimental evidence?

Which of the following is an example of negative reinforcement?

Compare and contrast free-operant and discrete-trial methods for the study of instrumental behavior.

Which of the following is true of an operant response?

In some instances, removing a stimulus after some response decreases the occurrence of that response. This is an example of

Describe how you would go about training a dog to open a refrigerator to fetch a can of soda. Make sure to include the details of the magazine training and shaping.

Introduction

Elicited Behavior Habituation and Sensitization

Classical Conditioning

Classical Conditioning

Schedules of Reinforcement and Choice Behavior

Instrumental Conditioning

Stimulus Control of Behavior

Extinction of Conditioned Behavior

Averse Control

Comparative Cognition I

Comparative Cognition II

Filters