Exam 12: The Correlational Research Strategy

A scatter plot shows a set of data points that are clustered close to a line that slopes down to the right. Which value would be closest to the correlation for these data?

Which correlation is appropriate for measuring the relationship between gender (male/female) and performance on a task (success/failure)?

The coefficient of determination is ____.

A defining characteristic of the correlational study is that the ____.

When the data for a correlational study consist of one or more scores that are not numerical values, the relationship between the variables cannot be evaluated.

If both variables in a correlational study are non-numerical, the data can be organized in a matrix and then analyzed using a _____.

Describe what is meant by a "positive relationship" or a "negative relationship" between two variables.

A researcher determines the amount of sleep for each child by interviewing the children's parents. Then the researcher watches the children in the classroom to obtain measurements of their level of attention. The researcher hopes to demonstrate that amount of sleep is related to attention level. This researcher is using a ____ research strategy.

Suppose there is a correlation of +0.87 between the length of time a person is in prison and the amount of aggression the person displays on a psychological inventory. This means that spending a longer amount of time in prison causes people to become more aggressive.

The Pearson correlation is used when both scores are _____.

A statistically significant correlation means that ____.

Which example illustrates a positive correlation?

Which set of correlations correctly shows the highest to lowest degree of relationship?

A Pearson correlation of r = +0.9 indicates that a graph of the data would show points ____.

A researcher knows that there is a relationship between obesity and watching television for young children. However, it is not known whether children watch more TV because they are overweight, or whether they are overweight because they watch so much TV. This is an example of the directionality problem.

The electric company uses the correlation between summer temperatures and energy consumption to anticipate energy demands. In this example, temperature is the criterion variable.

Suppose it was observed that there is a correlation of r = −0.81 between a driver's age and the cost of the car insurance. This correlation would mean that, in general, older people pay more for car insurance.

To establish the test-retest reliability of a measure of academic motivation, a researcher examines the ____.

For a correlational study in which participants are scored as "high," "medium," and "low" on both variables, which correlation is designed to measure the consistency of the relationship?

The direction of a relationship between variables is indicated by the ____.