Exam 9: Mountains

If you went to the Andes Range off the west coast of South America, you would be able to see the mountains are composed predominantly of volcanic and plutonic rocks formed by ________________ at a continental margin.

A geologist would expect rocks, such as shale, limestone, and marble, tend to deform in a(n) ____ manner when stress is applied because these rocks are softer and behave differently to stress than rocks like granite.

The Appalachian Mountains were initially thought to be the size of the Himalayas but have eroded allowing them to become light and rise due to what process? ____________________.

Explain how igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic rocks all exist in the Himalayas.

The Himalayas are the world's highest mountain range because of extreme thinning of the Earth's crust.

If a fold is overturned, extreme compression would have been the type of stress has been applied to cause it to turn over.

Explain how humans have impacted mountain ecosystems.

The oldest layer of a basin is found in what part of a basin? _________________________

Explain how compressive tectonic forces can add thickness to the Earth's crust.

Explain how faults, folds, and joints differ.

The Andes Mountains were formed by convergence of a plate carrying ____ crust with a plate carrying ____ crust.

Explain how basalt turned into andesitic- and granitic-based volcanoes and plutons in the Andes at its subduction zone.

A circular or elliptical anticline structure called a basin is formed by what specific type of stress?

A fold with one tilted axial surface and one limb facing downward is ____.

Explain the relationship of horsts and grabens to normal faults and identify what specific type of stress causes them to form.

The island arcs formed in the Pacific Ocean basin were made because two ______ plates carrying oceanic crust converged.

Where two continental plates converge, compressional stress squeezes rocks, forming folds and normal and graben faults.

The Indian subcontinent was originally part of ____ 200 million years ago.

A sedimentary basin between the oceanic trench and the magmatic arc is called a(n) ____________________.

A(n) ____________________ is a sedimentary basin formed by downward flexing of continental crust.