Exam 7: Earthquakes and the Earths Structure

As a seismologist, you would have expected the Tohoku earthquake to have a shorter rupture in the fault zone as compared to the Sumatra-Andaman earthquake.

Explain why shallow focus earthquakes at subduction zones cause more damage than deeper focus earthquakes.

Describe how liquefaction occurs in an earthquake.

Most earthquakes occur along ____________________ boundaries.

Earth's deepest borehole is located in northern ____ and extends to a depth of 12 kilometers.

Seismologists rely on foreshocks as an indicator of when a large earthquake will occur because foreshocks precede all earthquakes and ample seismograph data has been collected on foreshocks.

A seismologist would expect less damage to occur from ____________ waves rather than surface waves because these waves travel through rock and carry some energy to the Earth's surface.

If you were in an earthquake where the ground rolled up and down, what specific type of surface wave did you experience?

In earthquake-prone areas, ____ is the best foundation choice for building your home

Earth's magnetic field is created within the ____ because it is a liquid and spins around the solid ______.

The Mercalli scale measures ____.

P, or primary, waves ____.

The initial rupture point of an earthquake, where abrupt movement occurs, is the ____________________ and its distance from the Earth's surface influences the potential damage the earthquake will cause.

Which procedure is used in short-term predictions of earthquakes?

The San Andreas Fault zone is an example of a(n) ____.

Discuss how the structural damage in an earthquake relates to the magnitude, geology, and urbanized areas.

Most movement of crustal rock occurs due to slippage along established ____________________.

Earthquakes are detected and measured with a device called a(n) ____________________.

Explain why many of the world's strongest earthquakes occur in subduction zones.

The monitoring of the electrical conductivity of rock near fault zones is used in long-term predictions of earthquakes and seismologists rely upon this data to help determine where microscopic cracks develop in the rock.