Exam 4: The Emergence of Thought and Language: Cognitive Development in Infancy and Early Childhood 

Preoperational thinker Blake has edged his way close to the top rim of the Grand Canyon. His mother then asks him, "What do you think someone at the bottom of the canyon looking up would see?" Given the egocentric nature of his thought, Blake's most likely response would be

A grammatical morpheme is a word or word ending that makes a sentence grammatically

Piaget argued that the first reactions by newborns were

Bonds is trying to teach his son Barry to hit a baseball (a task that Barry has never before attempted). How might the concept of a zone of proximal development come into play in this situation, and what technique might Bonds use to improve his son's performance?

Jesse is trying to teach his younger brother James how to be a "fast gun." Before they start, Jesse reminds himself that James will need a lot of direction at first, but it is critical to not give more help than is needed.  Jesse's plan provides an excellent example of the strategy of

Six-month-old Teddy is playing with his favorite toy, a stuffed bear. Suddenly a blanket falls off the shelf and covers his bear. According to Piaget, Teddy would most likely

Which number illustrates the fact that in English, numbers do not all follow a regular naming pattern, thus making learning to count more difficult in English than in some other number systems?

Which theory places the greatest emphasis on the relationship between consequences and the probability of a behavior reoccurring in the future?

Which is the best example of a question designed to assess autobiographical memory?

Which evidence provides the strongest support for the "linguistic approach" to grammar acquisition?

A good way to improve the eyewitness testimony of children is to minimize the use of specific questions.

When discussing the acquisition of grammar, which type of theorist would be most likely to say, "Context and genetics are overrated, what really matters is imitation and reinforcement?"

According to the linguist perspective, children are born with some mechanism that simplifies the acquisition of grammar.

An individual using guided participation would pair up a less skilled student with a more skilled student on some structured activity.

Which is most likely to be the first word that a one-year-old will utter?

According to the principle of guided participation, cognitive growth results from

A memory for an event in your own life is called a(n)_______________ memory.

The belief that all living things have an unseen essence that gives them identity is referred to as

A friend claims that his 10-month-old daughter appears to be counting because she prefers a bowl with many cookies to a bowl with one cookie. First, fill your friend in on research on the math abilities of young infants, focusing on whether or not infants can count. Then describe any two principles that your friend can expect his daughter to use when she counts during her preschool years.

A teacher gauging the amount of assistance needed to match a learner's needs is using a technique called _______________.