Exam 6: Police and the Constitution

List and explain the four major sources that may be used tolegally establish probable cause. ​

The burden of probable cause requires the mere suspicion on a police officer's part. ​

According tothe textbook, which of the following is NoT one of the exigent circumstances that exempt law enforcement officers from having to"knock and announce" their identity before entering a dwelling of an arrest warrant? ​

The Miranda warning is designed toensure a suspect's Fifth Amendment protection against self-incrimination. ​

Arrest warrants are written orders based on probable cause and issued by a _________ ​

A(n)____is a situation that requires extralegal or exceptional actions by the police. In these circumstances, police officers are justified in not following procedural rules, such as those pertaining tosearch and arrest warrants. ​

A police officer must issue a Miranda warning tothe suspect when he or she intends toconduct a stop and frisk. ​

Given the invasiveness of electronic surveillance, the Supreme Court has generally held that the practice is prohibited by _____________________ ​

Reasonable grounds tobelieve the existence of facts warranting certain actions, such as the search or arrest of a person, are established by __________ ​

The constitutional rights of accused persons taken intocustody by law enforcement officials, such as the right toremain silent and the right tocounsel, are the____     .

The Fourth Amendment contains twocritical legal concepts: a prohibition against unreasonable searches and seizures and ___________ ​

The direct questioning of a suspect togather evidence of criminal activity and try togain a confession is called a(n)_________ ​

The____prohibits the use of illegally seized evidence. ​

A police chief or sheriff is permitted toissue an arrest warrant. ​

Suppose that a gun-used by a defendant tomurder a victim-was found as the result of an improper police search. If you were a defense attorney you could challenge the evidence based on the ___________________________.

In California v Greenwood the U.S. Supreme Court felt that the suspect had a reasonable expectation of privacy when it came tohis garbage. ​

A(n)____is the forcible taking of a person or property in response toa violation of the law. ​

Before going toa judge toask for a search warrant, officers must prepare a(n)____    in which they provide specific, written information on the property that they wish tosearch and seize toa judge or magistrate. ​

In ____, the Supreme Court ruled that police may search any area within the suspect's "immediate control" toconfiscate any weapons or evidence that the suspect could possibly destroy. ​

A(n)____is the taking intocustody of a citizen for the purpose of detaining him or her on a criminal charge. ​