Exam 4: Rational Choice Theory

According to Von Hirsch's view on "just deserts," why is punishment based on deterrence or incapacitation wrong?

During the Eighteenth century ________________ period, social philosophers such as Jeremy Bentham began to embrace the view that human behavior was a result of rational thought processes.

Which statement is false regarding the structure of crime?

About 9 percent of all inmates on death row have prior convictions for murder

The philosophy of justice that asserts that those who violate the rights of others deserve to be punished is known as:

Is the death penalty an effective deterrent? Why or why not?

Target-reduction strategies are designed to reduce the value of crime to potential criminals,

Rational choice theory has roots in the positivist school of criminology developed by Lombroso.

Clearly indicating a rational thought process, robbers avoid victims who may be armed and dangerous.

Beccaria argued that punishments for crimes should be _________ to the harm brought on by the crime.

The Minneapolis domestic violence study showed that arresting offenders was an ineffective means of reducing recidivism.

The three elements of deterrence are certainty, severity, and __________________.

The view that proposes placing offenders behind bars during their prime crime years in order to lessen their opportunity to commit crime is known as:

The prescribed method for dealing with the possessed was _____________, a practice that survived into the seventeenth century.

The Doorsteps Neighbourhood Program in Ontario, Canada, is a(n) ________________ program to help to reduce crime.

__________ is the principle that crime prevention can be achieved through modifying the physical environment to reduce individuals' opportunities to commit crime.

A program that seems successful because it helps to lower crime rates at specific locations or neighborhoods may simply be redirecting offenders to alternative targets; this is known as__________________________.

Bruce Jacobs and Richard Wright found among street robbers who target drug dealers that their crimes are a response to one of these types of violations: market-related violations, _______, or personalistic violations.

In the 1980s, there was a _____ shift in U.S. crime control policy that led to tough new laws creating mandatory prison sentences for many different crimes .

The reason general deterrence is a growing approach is because over the past decade serious offenses have resulted in apprehension and conviction in nearly 43% of cases.