Exam 43: International and Space Law

Trade barriers are

By means of an arbitration clause, the parties to an international business contract agree in advance to resolve any dispute without involving a third party.

Mont Blanc S.A., a French firm, imports its goods into the United States and offers those goods for sale at "less than fair value." Fair value is the price of Mont Blanc's goods in

Global Fashion, Inc., a U.S. firm, and Haute Couture, a Haitian firm, are parties to a contract that specifies the official language of the contract is English. This is

To prevent the sale of imported goods at less than fair value, an extra tariff-known as an antidumping duty-may be assessed on the imports.

Companies that export indirectly can make use of agency relationships.

When a wholly owned subsidiary is established in a foreign country, the parent company, which remains in the United States, gives up control of the facilities in the foreign country.

The doctrine of sovereign immunity is the principle by which one nation defers to the laws of another.

On a worldwide basis, nations attempt to honor judgments rendered in other countries when it is feasible to do so.

Expropriation occurs when a government seizes privately owned goods for a proper public purpose and awards just compensation.

Star Flights Inc. launches exploratory and commercial space flights from its base in the United States. In the event that a Star Flights rocket booster falls to Earth in the Philippines, liability for injury or damage

The U.S. government does not generally regulate private spaceports and the launch and reentry of private spacecraft.

Under certain clauses in international business contracts, acts of God or government may excuse a party from liability for nonperformance.

Mountain Coffee Company, a U.S. firm, owns property in Nicaragua. When the government of Nicaragua seizes the property, Mountain asks a U.S. court to order the property's return. The court rules that Nicaragua is exempt from the court's jurisdiction. This is

Under the Trading with the Enemy Act, any goods can be imported from nations that have been designated enemies of the United States.

In direct exporting, a U.S. company sets up a specialized marketing organization in a foreign market by appointing a foreign agent.

Under the Outer Space Treaty, with respect to a space object and the personnel aboard it, the launching state

A nation that launches objects into space is absolutely liable for personal injury and property damage caused by its objects on Earth or in flight.

Market Maker, Inc., a U.S. firm, can license a foreign manufacturing company to use its

Opti Meds Inc., a U.S. firm, signs a contract with Pharma Ltd., a Canadian firm, to give Pharma the right to sell Opti's products in Canada. This is