Question 1

Lexical ambiguity studies show that people access ambiguous words based on

Accepted Answer

A) the identification of a single meaning for that word. 
B) the meaning dominance of each definition of the word. 
C) the word that comes immediately before and the word that comes immediately after the ambiguous word in the sentence. 
D) a bottom-up progression of meaning comprehension. 
A) the identification of a single meaning for that word. 
B) the meaning dominance of each definition of the word. 
C) the word that comes immediately before and the word that comes immediately after the ambiguous word in the sentence. 
D) a bottom-up progression of meaning comprehension.

Question 2

An experiment on the phonemic restoration effect would most likely include

Accepted Answer

A) an extraneous cough. 
B) two similar-sounding letters (e.g. ,"T" and "C"). 
C) a categorical perception task. 
D) a garden-path sentence. 
A) an extraneous cough. 
B) two similar-sounding letters (e.g. ,"T" and "C"). 
C) a categorical perception task. 
D) a garden-path sentence.

Question 3

Which property below is NOT one of the characteristics that makes human language unique?

Accepted Answer

A) Hierarchical structure 
B) Communication 
C) Governed by rules 
D) It involves arrangement of a sequence of symbols 
A) Hierarchical structure 
B) Communication 
C) Governed by rules 
D) It involves arrangement of a sequence of symbols

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT influenced by meaning?

Accepted Answer

A) Word frequency effect 
B) Word superiority effect 
C) Phonemic restoration effect 
D) The lexical decision task 
A) Word frequency effect 
B) Word superiority effect 
C) Phonemic restoration effect 
D) The lexical decision task

Question 5

Most of the coherence in text is created by

Accepted Answer

A) inference. 
B) syntax. 
C) parsing. 
D) phoneme restoration. 
A) inference. 
B) syntax. 
C) parsing. 
D) phoneme restoration.

Question 6

Imagine you are interpreting a pair of sentences such as "The sidewalk was covered with ice" and "Ramona fell down." The kind of inference we use to link these sentences together would most likely be a(n)inference.

Accepted Answer

A) causal 
B) coherent 
C) anaphoric 
D) instrument 
A) causal 
B) coherent 
C) anaphoric 
D) instrument

Question 7

Consider the following sentences: "Captain Ahab wanted to kill the whale.He cursed at it." These two sentences taken together provide an example of a(n)

Accepted Answer

A) instrument inference. 
B) garden path sequence. 
C) global connection. 
D) anaphoric inference. 
A) instrument inference. 
B) garden path sequence. 
C) global connection. 
D) anaphoric inference.

Question 8

The word "bad" hasphoneme(s).

Accepted Answer

A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four 
A) one 
B) two 
C) three 
D) four

Question 9

Boxing champion George Foreman recently described his family vacations with the statement,"At our ranch in Marshall,Texas,there are lots of ponds and I take the kids out and we fish.And then of course,we grill them." That a reader understands "them" appropriately (George grills fish,not his kids!)is the result of a(n)inference.

Accepted Answer

A) narrative 
B) instrument 
C) analogic 
D) anaphoric 
A) narrative 
B) instrument 
C) analogic 
D) anaphoric

Question 10

"Kitchen tables" consists ofmorphemes.

Accepted Answer

A) two 
B) three 
C) four 
D) five 
A) two 
B) three 
C) four 
D) five

Question 11

In a study,participants listened to the following tape recording:
Rumor had it that,for years,the government building had been plagued with problems.The man was not surprised when he found several spiders,roaches,and other bugs in the corner of the room.
As participants heard the word "bugs," they completed a lexical decision task to a test stimulus flashed on a screen.To which of the following words would you expect participants to take the longest to respond to?

Accepted Answer

A) ANT. 
B) SPY. 
C) SKY. 
D) ROACH 
A) ANT. 
B) SPY. 
C) SKY. 
D) ROACH

Question 12

Give an example of a garden-path sentence.Explain the syntax-first and interactionist approaches to parsing such sentences.

Accepted Answer

An example of a garden-path sentence is

Question 13

Discuss how people perceive separate words in spoken sentences.Describe speech segmentation and discuss the role of context in this process.

Accepted Answer

When people listen to spoken sentences,

Question 14

Thestates that the nature of a culture's language can affect the way people think.

Accepted Answer

A) interactionist approach 
B) Sapir-Whorf hypothesis 
C) given-new contract 
D) cooperative principle 
A) interactionist approach 
B) Sapir-Whorf hypothesis 
C) given-new contract 
D) cooperative principle

Question 15

The word frequency effect refers to the fact that we respond more

Accepted Answer

A) slowly to low-frequency words than high-frequency words. 
B) slowly to letters appearing in non-words than letters appearing in words. 
C) quickly to letters that appear multiple times in a word than just once in a word. 
D) quickly to phonemes that appear multiple times in a word than just once in a word. 
A) slowly to low-frequency words than high-frequency words. 
B) slowly to letters appearing in non-words than letters appearing in words. 
C) quickly to letters that appear multiple times in a word than just once in a word. 
D) quickly to phonemes that appear multiple times in a word than just once in a word.

Question 16

According to the situation model of text processing,

Accepted Answer

A) people create a mental representation of what the text is about in terms of information about phrases,sentences,and paragraphs. 
B) people create a mental representation of what the text is about in terms of people,objects,locations,and events. 
C) it will take longer to understand a story that involves a complex series of situations. 
D) people draw inferences about what is happening in a story by considering both local and global connections. 
A) people create a mental representation of what the text is about in terms of information about phrases,sentences,and paragraphs. 
B) people create a mental representation of what the text is about in terms of people,objects,locations,and events. 
C) it will take longer to understand a story that involves a complex series of situations. 
D) people draw inferences about what is happening in a story by considering both local and global connections.

Question 17

You are conducting a study on how fluency influences the phonemic restoration effect.You study two groups of non-native English speakers,one with a year of English classes and the other with 10 years.All of your stimuli are in English.Who would you expect to show the greatest phonemic restoration effect?

Accepted Answer

A) The group with one year of English instruction 
B) The group with 10 years of English instruction 
C) The two groups would show equal phonemic restoration effects 
D) Neither group would show an effect because they are non-native English speakers 
A) The group with one year of English instruction 
B) The group with 10 years of English instruction 
C) The two groups would show equal phonemic restoration effects 
D) Neither group would show an effect because they are non-native English speakers

Question 18

In an eye movement study,Rayner and coworkers had participants read sentences that contained either a high- or low- frequency target word.For example,the sentence "Sam wore the horrid coat though hisgirlfriend complained," contained either the target word "pretty" or "demure." Results showed the participants'was shorter for the target word.

Accepted Answer

A) lexical distinction;pretty 
B) lexical distinction;demure 
C) fixation;pretty 
D) fixation;demure 
A) lexical distinction;pretty 
B) lexical distinction;demure 
C) fixation;pretty 
D) fixation;demure

Question 19

Brain imaging studies reveal that semantics and syntax are associated with which two lobes of the cerebral cortex?

Accepted Answer

A) the parietal and occipital lobes 
B) the frontal and temporal lobes 
C) the temporal and parietal lobes 
D) the frontal and parietal lobes 
A) the parietal and occipital lobes 
B) the frontal and temporal lobes 
C) the temporal and parietal lobes 
D) the frontal and parietal lobes

Question 20

In the phonemic restoration effect,participants "fill in" the missing phoneme based on all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A) the context produced by the sentence. 
B) the portion of the word that was presented. 
C) the meaning of the words that follow the missing phoneme. 
D) a mental "skimming" of the lexicon to find likely words. 
A) the context produced by the sentence. 
B) the portion of the word that was presented. 
C) the meaning of the words that follow the missing phoneme. 
D) a mental "skimming" of the lexicon to find likely words.

Lexical ambiguity studies show that people access ambiguous words based on

An experiment on the phonemic restoration effect would most likely include

Which property below is NOT one of the characteristics that makes human language unique?

Which of the following is NOT influenced by meaning?

Most of the coherence in text is created by

Imagine you are interpreting a pair of sentences such as "The sidewalk was covered with ice" and "Ramona fell down." The kind of inference we use to link these sentences together would most likely be a(n)inference.

Consider the following sentences: "Captain Ahab wanted to kill the whale.He cursed at it." These two sentences taken together provide an example of a(n)

The word "bad" hasphoneme(s).

"Kitchen tables" consists ofmorphemes.

Give an example of a garden-path sentence.Explain the syntax-first and interactionist approaches to parsing such sentences.

Discuss how people perceive separate words in spoken sentences.Describe speech segmentation and discuss the role of context in this process.

Thestates that the nature of a culture's language can affect the way people think.

The word frequency effect refers to the fact that we respond more

According to the situation model of text processing,

Brain imaging studies reveal that semantics and syntax are associated with which two lobes of the cerebral cortex?

In the phonemic restoration effect,participants "fill in" the missing phoneme based on all of the following EXCEPT

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology.

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception.

Attention.

Short term and Working Memory.

Long term Memory: Structure

Long-term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation.

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Conceptual Knowledge.

Visual Imagery

Problem Solving.

Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning

Filters

Exam 11: Language

Lexical ambiguity studies show that people access ambiguous words based on

An experiment on the phonemic restoration effect would most likely include

Which property below is NOT one of the characteristics that makes human language unique?

Which of the following is NOT influenced by meaning?

Most of the coherence in text is created by

Imagine you are interpreting a pair of sentences such as "The sidewalk was covered with ice" and "Ramona fell down." The kind of inference we use to link these sentences together would most likely be a(n)inference.

Consider the following sentences: "Captain Ahab wanted to kill the whale.He cursed at it." These two sentences taken together provide an example of a(n)

The word "bad" hasphoneme(s).

"Kitchen tables" consists ofmorphemes.

Give an example of a garden-path sentence.Explain the syntax-first and interactionist approaches to parsing such sentences.

Discuss how people perceive separate words in spoken sentences.Describe speech segmentation and discuss the role of context in this process.

Thestates that the nature of a culture's language can affect the way people think.

The word frequency effect refers to the fact that we respond more

According to the situation model of text processing,

Brain imaging studies reveal that semantics and syntax are associated with which two lobes of the cerebral cortex?

In the phonemic restoration effect,participants "fill in" the missing phoneme based on all of the following EXCEPT

Introduction to Cognitive Psychology.

Cognitive Neuroscience

Perception.

Attention.

Short term and Working Memory.

Long term Memory: Structure

Long-term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation.

Everyday Memory and Memory Errors

Conceptual Knowledge.

Visual Imagery

Problem Solving.

Judgment, Decisions, and Reasoning

Filters