Question 1

What do scholars estimate the world's population to be by 2050?

Accepted Answer

A) Scholars estimate the world's population to exceed 7.5 billion people by 2050. 
B) Scholars estimate the world's population to exceed 8.4 billion people by 2050. 
C) Scholars estimate the world's population to exceed 9.8 billion people by 2050. 
D) Scholars estimate the world's population to exceed 12.2 billion people by 2050. 
A) Scholars estimate the world's population to exceed 7.5 billion people by 2050. 
B) Scholars estimate the world's population to exceed 8.4 billion people by 2050. 
C) Scholars estimate the world's population to exceed 9.8 billion people by 2050. 
D) Scholars estimate the world's population to exceed 12.2 billion people by 2050.

Question 2

Which of the following statements concerning the resolution of collective action problems is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The more actors are part of a given collective action problem, the harder it is to solve. 
B) Only if significant value is placed on current costs and benefits is cooperation today rational. 
C) One way to resolve free rider issues is to deny selective benefits to those who participate in their resolution. 
D) Realism is optimistic about the prospects for cooperation in environmental collective action problems. 
A) The more actors are part of a given collective action problem, the harder it is to solve. 
B) Only if significant value is placed on current costs and benefits is cooperation today rational. 
C) One way to resolve free rider issues is to deny selective benefits to those who participate in their resolution. 
D) Realism is optimistic about the prospects for cooperation in environmental collective action problems.

Question 3

What do constructivists focus on?

Accepted Answer

A) How environmental issues influence the power of a given state vis-à-vis other states in the global system 
B) How environmental issues influence gaps in wealth and economic power 
C) How environmental issues influence norms of behavior toward the environment and toward environmental policy 
D) How environmental issues influence the productive capacities of women in developing societies 
A) How environmental issues influence the power of a given state vis-à-vis other states in the global system 
B) How environmental issues influence gaps in wealth and economic power 
C) How environmental issues influence norms of behavior toward the environment and toward environmental policy 
D) How environmental issues influence the productive capacities of women in developing societies

Question 4

Which treaty commits to reduce the production and use of gases that deplete the ozone layer?

Accepted Answer

A) The Kyoto Protocol 
B) The Mediterranean Acton Plan 
C) The Montreal Protocol 
D) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Agreement 
A) The Kyoto Protocol 
B) The Mediterranean Acton Plan 
C) The Montreal Protocol 
D) The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change Agreement

Question 5

What major international agreements have led up to the Paris Agreement? Have they been successful? Why or why not? Do most scholars and politicians think that the Paris Agreement is and will be a success? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

The major international agreements that

Question 6

Which of the following environmental problems is not global?

Accepted Answer

A) Biodiversity loss 
B) Overpopulation 
C) Oil shortages 
D) Overconsumption of water from watersheds which supply more than one country 
A) Biodiversity loss 
B) Overpopulation 
C) Oil shortages 
D) Overconsumption of water from watersheds which supply more than one country

Question 7

Which of the following statements are realists likely to make about environmental issues and the future?

Accepted Answer

A) International security is being redefined. The new dangers to states and societies come not from other states and societies, or from their armies, but from environmental degradation that threatens all states. 
B) Environmental threats will make all states allies against these common enemies. 
C) Climate change can be prevented only through measures that have effects across all countries. 
D) Environmental issues may intensify conflict between states but will not reduce the role of traditional power in international politics. 
A) International security is being redefined. The new dangers to states and societies come not from other states and societies, or from their armies, but from environmental degradation that threatens all states. 
B) Environmental threats will make all states allies against these common enemies. 
C) Climate change can be prevented only through measures that have effects across all countries. 
D) Environmental issues may intensify conflict between states but will not reduce the role of traditional power in international politics.

Question 8

How do scientists suggest we solve the "trilemma" created by the shift in recent years from fossil fuels to biofuels, such as ethanol?

Accepted Answer

A) They suggest we eat less food 
B) They suggest that governments offer additional subsidies for farmers who are growing biofuel crops 
C) They suggest that biofuel production should be carried out in very particular ways, such as by growing perennial grasses on abandoned fields 
D) They suggest that we ride our bikes and walk rather than drive 
A) They suggest we eat less food 
B) They suggest that governments offer additional subsidies for farmers who are growing biofuel crops 
C) They suggest that biofuel production should be carried out in very particular ways, such as by growing perennial grasses on abandoned fields 
D) They suggest that we ride our bikes and walk rather than drive

Question 9

Why is the Paris agreement likely to fail?

Accepted Answer

A) Because allowing each country to set its own targets for greenhouse gas emissions and failing to make the agreement legally binding sets the stage for failure 
B) Because allowing each country to set its own targets for greenhouse gas emissions and making these legally binding is an affront to state sovereignty 
C) Because setting stringent international targets for greenhouse gas emissions and making them legally binding is an affront to state sovereignty 
D) Because setting the scientifically unattainable goal of an increase of less than 1.5 degrees Celsius is likely to fail to encourage countries to try to make any changes 
A) Because allowing each country to set its own targets for greenhouse gas emissions and failing to make the agreement legally binding sets the stage for failure 
B) Because allowing each country to set its own targets for greenhouse gas emissions and making these legally binding is an affront to state sovereignty 
C) Because setting stringent international targets for greenhouse gas emissions and making them legally binding is an affront to state sovereignty 
D) Because setting the scientifically unattainable goal of an increase of less than 1.5 degrees Celsius is likely to fail to encourage countries to try to make any changes

Question 10

Approximately how much of U.S. corn production goes into ethanol production, rather than into the food supply?

Accepted Answer

A) 10 percent 
B) 25 percent 
C) 40 percent 
D) 55 percent 
A) 10 percent 
B) 25 percent 
C) 40 percent 
D) 55 percent

Question 11

What was the primary reason that successive U. S. presidents had not submitted the Kyoto Protocol for Senate ratification?

Accepted Answer

A) The economic cost of the agreement was prohibitively expensive 
B) Not enough Senators are convinced of the science behind "global warming" 
C) China and India, as major greenhouse gas emitters, are not party to the Kyoto Protocol 
D) The agreement did not have any enforcement mechanisms 
A) The economic cost of the agreement was prohibitively expensive 
B) Not enough Senators are convinced of the science behind "global warming" 
C) China and India, as major greenhouse gas emitters, are not party to the Kyoto Protocol 
D) The agreement did not have any enforcement mechanisms

Question 12

What is a collective action problem? Provide examples. Why do some collective action problems get solved, whereas others seem to resist resolution? What accounts for the difference?

Accepted Answer

A collective action problem occurs when

Question 13

In terms of environmental problems, which of the following statements would realists fail to agree with?

Accepted Answer

A) Realists are skeptical about climate change and resource shortages. 
B) States are reluctant to sign on to any agreement that might jeopardize their military or economic power. 
C) States take a pessimistic view of the prospects for international cooperation on environmental problems. 
D) Even when states are in agreement about the desirability of cooperation, they are concerned with relative gains. 
A) Realists are skeptical about climate change and resource shortages. 
B) States are reluctant to sign on to any agreement that might jeopardize their military or economic power. 
C) States take a pessimistic view of the prospects for international cooperation on environmental problems. 
D) Even when states are in agreement about the desirability of cooperation, they are concerned with relative gains.

Question 14

Which of the following can be said about the main goal of the Paris agreement, in which countries agreed to limit temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius?

Accepted Answer

A) It was an ambitious goal, that is very likely to be reached through cooperation. 
B) It was an ambitious goal, that is unlikely to be reached. 
C) It was not an ambitious goal and scientists think it will not matter in the long run. 
D) It was a reasonable goal that politicians could easily reach and then boast to their constituents about their success. 
A) It was an ambitious goal, that is very likely to be reached through cooperation. 
B) It was an ambitious goal, that is unlikely to be reached. 
C) It was not an ambitious goal and scientists think it will not matter in the long run. 
D) It was a reasonable goal that politicians could easily reach and then boast to their constituents about their success.

Question 15

What were the major factors that enabled the world's leading countries to deal effectively with the ozone depletion problem in the late 1980s? Did this successful action have any implications for future attempts to deal with environmental problems?

Accepted Answer

The major factors that enabled the world

Question 16

Explore the connection between resource depletion and economic development. Is it fair to ask developing countries to constrain their development in order to create a more sustainable environment? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

Resource depletion and economic developm

Question 17

Which of the following is not an example of the tragedy of the commons?

Accepted Answer

A) Fishing in shared waters 
B) Air pollution 
C) Livestock grazing on public lands 
D) Space exploration 
A) Fishing in shared waters 
B) Air pollution 
C) Livestock grazing on public lands 
D) Space exploration

Question 18

Those resources that can be sustained indefinitely, as long as the state of consumption does not exceed the natural rate of replacement, are known as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A) Renewable resources 
B) Reusable deposits 
C) Green commodities 
D) Nonrenewable resources 
A) Renewable resources 
B) Reusable deposits 
C) Green commodities 
D) Nonrenewable resources

Question 19

Which group of scholars focuses on how environmental degradation affects women and how women might contribute to the amelioration of environmental problems?

Accepted Answer

A) Structural economists 
B) Liberals 
C) Constructivists 
D) Feminists 
A) Structural economists 
B) Liberals 
C) Constructivists 
D) Feminists

Question 20

What does the tragedy of the commons refer to?

Accepted Answer

A) The situation in which too many people live in a shared region 
B) The situation in which each individual acts according to his or her individual interest, resulting in a collective disaster 
C) The situation in which people try to work together to solve problems, but don't always succeed 
D) The situation in which developing countries allow exploitation of natural resources by transnational corporations 
A) The situation in which too many people live in a shared region 
B) The situation in which each individual acts according to his or her individual interest, resulting in a collective disaster 
C) The situation in which people try to work together to solve problems, but don't always succeed 
D) The situation in which developing countries allow exploitation of natural resources by transnational corporations

What do scholars estimate the world's population to be by 2050?

Which of the following statements concerning the resolution of collective action problems is true?

What do constructivists focus on?

Which treaty commits to reduce the production and use of gases that deplete the ozone layer?

What major international agreements have led up to the Paris Agreement? Have they been successful? Why or why not? Do most scholars and politicians think that the Paris Agreement is and will be a success? Why or why not?

Which of the following environmental problems is not global?

Which of the following statements are realists likely to make about environmental issues and the future?

How do scientists suggest we solve the "trilemma" created by the shift in recent years from fossil fuels to biofuels, such as ethanol?

Why is the Paris agreement likely to fail?

Approximately how much of U.S. corn production goes into ethanol production, rather than into the food supply?

What was the primary reason that successive U. S. presidents had not submitted the Kyoto Protocol for Senate ratification?

What is a collective action problem? Provide examples. Why do some collective action problems get solved, whereas others seem to resist resolution? What accounts for the difference?

In terms of environmental problems, which of the following statements would realists fail to agree with?

Which of the following can be said about the main goal of the Paris agreement, in which countries agreed to limit temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius?

What were the major factors that enabled the world's leading countries to deal effectively with the ozone depletion problem in the late 1980s? Did this successful action have any implications for future attempts to deal with environmental problems?

Explore the connection between resource depletion and economic development. Is it fair to ask developing countries to constrain their development in order to create a more sustainable environment? Why or why not?

Which of the following is not an example of the tragedy of the commons?

Those resources that can be sustained indefinitely, as long as the state of consumption does not exceed the natural rate of replacement, are known as which of the following?

Which group of scholars focuses on how environmental degradation affects women and how women might contribute to the amelioration of environmental problems?

What does the tragedy of the commons refer to?

Introduction: Problems and Questions in International Politics

The Historical Evolution of International Politics

Theories of International Relations: Realism and Liberalism

Theories of International Relations: Economic Structuralism, Constructivism, and Feminism

The State, Society, and Foreign Policy

Bureaucracies, Groups, and Individuals in the Foreign Policy Process

International Organizations and Transnational Actors

International Insecurity and the Causes of War and Peace

The Use of Force

Fundamentals of International Political Economy

The Globalization of Trade and Finance

The Problem of Global Inequality

International Law, Norms, and Human Rights

Conclusion: Power and Purpose in a Changing World

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Exam 14: The Global Environment and International Politics

What do scholars estimate the world's population to be by 2050?

Which of the following statements concerning the resolution of collective action problems is true?

What do constructivists focus on?

Which treaty commits to reduce the production and use of gases that deplete the ozone layer?

What major international agreements have led up to the Paris Agreement? Have they been successful? Why or why not? Do most scholars and politicians think that the Paris Agreement is and will be a success? Why or why not?

Which of the following environmental problems is not global?

Which of the following statements are realists likely to make about environmental issues and the future?

How do scientists suggest we solve the "trilemma" created by the shift in recent years from fossil fuels to biofuels, such as ethanol?

Why is the Paris agreement likely to fail?

Approximately how much of U.S. corn production goes into ethanol production, rather than into the food supply?

What was the primary reason that successive U. S. presidents had not submitted the Kyoto Protocol for Senate ratification?

What is a collective action problem? Provide examples. Why do some collective action problems get solved, whereas others seem to resist resolution? What accounts for the difference?

In terms of environmental problems, which of the following statements would realists fail to agree with?

Which of the following can be said about the main goal of the Paris agreement, in which countries agreed to limit temperature increase to 1.5 degrees Celsius?

What were the major factors that enabled the world's leading countries to deal effectively with the ozone depletion problem in the late 1980s? Did this successful action have any implications for future attempts to deal with environmental problems?

Explore the connection between resource depletion and economic development. Is it fair to ask developing countries to constrain their development in order to create a more sustainable environment? Why or why not?

Which of the following is not an example of the tragedy of the commons?

Those resources that can be sustained indefinitely, as long as the state of consumption does not exceed the natural rate of replacement, are known as which of the following?

Which group of scholars focuses on how environmental degradation affects women and how women might contribute to the amelioration of environmental problems?

What does the tragedy of the commons refer to?

Introduction: Problems and Questions in International Politics

The Historical Evolution of International Politics

Theories of International Relations: Realism and Liberalism

Theories of International Relations: Economic Structuralism, Constructivism, and Feminism

The State, Society, and Foreign Policy

Bureaucracies, Groups, and Individuals in the Foreign Policy Process

International Organizations and Transnational Actors

International Insecurity and the Causes of War and Peace

The Use of Force

Fundamentals of International Political Economy

The Globalization of Trade and Finance

The Problem of Global Inequality

International Law, Norms, and Human Rights

Conclusion: Power and Purpose in a Changing World

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