Exam 6: Police Discretion and Dilemmas

According to research cited in the text, both black and white officers were significantly more likely to perceive black drivers as disrespectful, noncompliant, and/or resistant.

Prior to the 2004 Republican convention in New York, undercover officers infiltrated activist groups that they believed might cause problems during the convention. Officers attended meetings, made friends, signed petitions, and then reported on the groups' activities to supervisors. In order to support such a plan from a utilitarian viewpoint, all of the following must be true, except:

According to South, some of the ethical problems with informants include all of the following except:

The term entrapment refers to an incident wherein an otherwise innocent person commits an illegal act because:

The _____________ approach allows proportional force to the suspect's resistance, with increasing levels of force by the officer in direct response to escalating resistance of the suspect.

Lies that are used to control a suspect or to avoid the use of force are called:

Which of the following statements is true?

A bomb exploded at the 1996 Olympic Games in Atlanta, Georgia, killing one and wounding more than 100. The FBI conducted an investigation and within days, Richard Jewell was identified as a suspect. After several months, the Justice Department announced that Jewell was no longer a suspect. Jewell was publicly scorned, and followed incessantly by the media and law enforcement for the three months that he was believed to be the bomber. Evidence in the case was interpreted in such a way as to support the idea that Jewell was guilty. For example, Jewell was known to have seen the bag containing the bomb before it detonated, and moved people from the area. This life- saving act was seen as evidence that he was the bomber, because the investigators believed that he had planted the bomb in order to be able to be seen as a hero for saving people. In this case, the FBI was under intense scrutiny from the public, which demanded a resolution to the investigation. This public pressure may have led to the premature naming of a suspect. When investigators are committed to a conclusion, they may be tempted to engage in " _____________ " corruption and alter evidence to ensure a conviction.

An informant may __________ without posing the threat of being unreliable.

Research indicates that use-of-force incidents are evenly distributed among all patrol officers.

In terms of undercover operations, ethical formalism would most likely:

"Reasonable" force is defined as that which is proportional to _____________ .

According to Barker and Carter, accepted lies must meet all of the following standards except:

_____________ was the landmark Supreme Court case that upheld the legality of "pretext stops."

Where do the authors suggest is the location of the most egregious cases of discriminatory law enforcement?

In __________ investigations, a crime has already occurred and the police sift through clues to determine the perpetrator

Prosecutors are legally required to disclose exculpatory information by compiling a _________ list.

Generally, undercover actions are analyzed under _________

Discuss the perceptions black communities have of the police.

What is the name for a legal agreement between the Justice Department and a police department, which agrees to monitoring and reform of certain practices to avoid a lawsuit?