Exam 3: Justice and Law

Racial profiling studies consistently show that black drivers are more likely to have their cars searched, even though they are less likely to have contraband than white drivers.

Rawls's theory of justice is consistent with rights-based theories of justice.

You are the mayor of a major Midwestern city with a recent history of racial unrest. After an unarmed black teenager is shot by police, you must create substantial reforms that restore the community's faith in the police, and a policy, which allows for restorative justice. Describe the ethical and theoretical basis for the reforms you will make.

Mary owns her own consulting business. Among her employees are: Sue-the receptionist and a single mother of three Joe-the web designer and marketing manager, single, has an MBA Alan-a married salesman who makes few sales and cares for an elderly parent Carla-an unmarried salesperson who makes the majority of the company's sales. Assume that Mary agrees with libertarian theories. All of the following are possible except :

Before coming to trial, Sam was assigned a public defender, was informed of the charges, and was given a chance to review the evidence against him. At the trial, the prosecutor called the crime scene investigator to the stand, and she provided scientific evidence to show that Sam had indeed been inside the victim's home. These pretrial activities are part of the practice of:

Before coming to trial, Sam was assigned a public defender, was informed of the charges, and was given a chance to review the evidence against him. At the trial, the prosecutor called the crime scene investigator to the stand, and she provided scientific evidence to show that Sam had indeed been inside the victim's home. In order to be allowed at trial, the evidence that the crime scene investigator presented would have had to meet:

Under the utilitarian rationale for punishment, we weigh the punishment to the crime in order to balance the wrong to society.

Discuss the procedural and substantive justice approaches to the death penalty in the United States, and discuss what conclusions the Supreme Court has come to on the issue.

Under the retributive system, the reason we punish is for the greater good of society.

Bentham theorized that people rationally choose their behaviors by weighing the pleasure or benefit of their actions against the potential pain or cost. This process is known as:

Which of the following theories give need the most weight?

What metaphor did Rawls employ to indicate that people will distribute most fairly when they do not know how they will benefit from the distribution?

____________ justice is concerned with ensuring the best possible outcome for society at large.

______________ theories of distributive justice attempt to maximize benefits for overall society.

Compare and contrast substantive justice and procedural justice. Give an example of each.

The concept of hedonistic calculus is associated with:

The Supreme Court has definitively ruled that innocence is more important than legal rules.

___________ theories place need above desert or entitlement.

________ is an approach to corrective justice that focuses on meeting the needs of offenders as well as victims.

Describe Aristotle's two categories of justice.