Question 1

HIF-1 is related to which process?

Accepted Answer

A)  How we adapt to high altitude 
B)  Pain tolerance 
C)  Transcription attenuation 
D)  all of these 
A)  How we adapt to high altitude 
B)  Pain tolerance 
C)  Transcription attenuation 
D)  all of these

Question 2

At which position on the mRNA is the wobble base of the triplet codon?

Accepted Answer

A)  first position (5' letter) 
B)  second position 
C)  third position (3' letter) 
D)  the wobble base can be at any position 
A)  first position (5' letter) 
B)  second position 
C)  third position (3' letter) 
D)  the wobble base can be at any position

Question 3

How do eukaryotic and prokaryotic translation compare?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is little to no difference between them; all the factors are homologous. 
B)  Eukaryotes utilize very different protein factors during the process but the ribosomes are homologous. 
C)  Eukaryotic ribosomes are very different, but the protein factors used during the process are homologous. 
D)  Both eukaryotic ribosomes and the protein factors used during the process are very different. 
A)  There is little to no difference between them; all the factors are homologous. 
B)  Eukaryotes utilize very different protein factors during the process but the ribosomes are homologous. 
C)  Eukaryotic ribosomes are very different, but the protein factors used during the process are homologous. 
D)  Both eukaryotic ribosomes and the protein factors used during the process are very different.

Question 4

Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases are involved in which step of translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  activation 
B)  initiation 
C)  elongation 
D)  termination 
E)  none of these 
A)  activation 
B)  initiation 
C)  elongation 
D)  termination 
E)  none of these

Question 5

The amino acids are initially attached to either the 2' or 3' hydroxyl group of the tRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Why do scientists believe the ribosome is a ribozyme?

Accepted Answer

A)  because there are no proteins in ribosomes 
B)  because only RNA can catalyze reactions 
C)  because protein inhibitors have no effect on ribosomes 
D)  because x-ray crystallography showed that there is no protein in the vicinity of the active site of the peptidyl transferase reaction 
A)  because there are no proteins in ribosomes 
B)  because only RNA can catalyze reactions 
C)  because protein inhibitors have no effect on ribosomes 
D)  because x-ray crystallography showed that there is no protein in the vicinity of the active site of the peptidyl transferase reaction

Question 7

Inosine or hypoxanthine can wobble with all the following bases, except :

Accepted Answer

A)  A 
B)  C 
C)  T 
D)  U 
E)  Inosine can wobble with all of these bases. 
A)  A 
B)  C 
C)  T 
D)  U 
E)  Inosine can wobble with all of these bases.

Question 8

Ribosomal frameshifting in Influenza Virus A is caused by the fact that

Accepted Answer

A)  the virus has a modified genetic code 
B)  the virus attacks the mRNA 
C)  the ribosome reaches a rare arginine codon and stalls out 
D)  none of these 
A)  the virus has a modified genetic code 
B)  the virus attacks the mRNA 
C)  the ribosome reaches a rare arginine codon and stalls out 
D)  none of these

Question 9

Which of the following is not required for the elongation phase of protein synthesis?

Accepted Answer

A)  GTP 
B)  fmet-tRNAfmet 
C)  peptidyl transferase 
D)  mRNA 
A)  GTP 
B)  fmet-tRNAfmet 
C)  peptidyl transferase 
D)  mRNA

Question 10

What happens when a stop codon is reached by a ribosome (in the A site)?

Accepted Answer

A)  A termination tRNAter binds to the codon and is used to release the growing peptide from the P site tRNA. The ribosome then dissociates. 
B)  A termination tRNAter binds to the codon and the growing peptide is transferred to it. When the peptidyl-tRNAter reaches the P site, the ribosome is signaled to release the protein. The ribosome then dissociates. 
C)  A termination protein binds to the codon and is used to release the growing peptide from the P site tRNA. The ribosome then is likely to dissociate. 
D)  A termination protein binds to the codon and the ribosome dissociates. A separate peptidyl transferase then releases the protein from the last tRNA to which was attached. 
A)  A termination tRNAter binds to the codon and is used to release the growing peptide from the P site tRNA. The ribosome then dissociates. 
B)  A termination tRNAter binds to the codon and the growing peptide is transferred to it. When the peptidyl-tRNAter reaches the P site, the ribosome is signaled to release the protein. The ribosome then dissociates. 
C)  A termination protein binds to the codon and is used to release the growing peptide from the P site tRNA. The ribosome then is likely to dissociate. 
D)  A termination protein binds to the codon and the ribosome dissociates. A separate peptidyl transferase then releases the protein from the last tRNA to which was attached.

Question 11

The majority of protein synthesis occurs in the

Accepted Answer

A)  nucleus 
B)  mitochondrion 
C)  cytoplasm 
D)  nucleolus 
A)  nucleus 
B)  mitochondrion 
C)  cytoplasm 
D)  nucleolus

Question 12

How many codons are known for each amino acid?

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only 
B)  2 only 
C)  2 to 4 depending on the nature of the amino acid 
D)  1 to 6 depending on the nature of the amino acid 
A)  1 only 
B)  2 only 
C)  2 to 4 depending on the nature of the amino acid 
D)  1 to 6 depending on the nature of the amino acid

Question 13

Degradation of proteins

Accepted Answer

A)  happens randomly 
B)  frequently makes use of proteasomes 
C)  always requires ubiquitinylation of proteins to be degraded 
D)  tends to target proteins with basic amino acid residues at their N-terminal ends 
A)  happens randomly 
B)  frequently makes use of proteasomes 
C)  always requires ubiquitinylation of proteins to be degraded 
D)  tends to target proteins with basic amino acid residues at their N-terminal ends

Question 14

Which amino acids have unique codons?

Accepted Answer

A)  met, gly 
B)  trp, met 
C)  tyr, met 
D)  stop, his 
A)  met, gly 
B)  trp, met 
C)  tyr, met 
D)  stop, his

Question 15

What is the start codon on the mRNA for prokaryotic translation?

Accepted Answer

A)  AUG 
B)  UAA 
C)  UAG 
D)  UGA 
A)  AUG 
B)  UAA 
C)  UAG 
D)  UGA

Question 16

N-formyl methionine

Accepted Answer

A)  can be found attached to every protein in E. coli. 
B)  can be found attached to some proteins in E. coli. 
C)  is never found on proteins in E. coli. 
A)  can be found attached to every protein in E. coli. 
B)  can be found attached to some proteins in E. coli. 
C)  is never found on proteins in E. coli.

Question 17

Wobble allows each codon to interact with more than one tRNA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

The final form of mRNA in eukaryotes has all these features, except :

Accepted Answer

A)  There will be a special nucleotide cap on the 5' end of the mRNA. 
B)  There is usually a poly A tail on the 3' end of the mRNA. 
C)  The mature, active mRNA contains introns. 
D)  Only a single protein is made from any mature mRNA molecule. 
E)  All of these are true. 
A)  There will be a special nucleotide cap on the 5' end of the mRNA. 
B)  There is usually a poly A tail on the 3' end of the mRNA. 
C)  The mature, active mRNA contains introns. 
D)  Only a single protein is made from any mature mRNA molecule. 
E)  All of these are true.

Question 19

At which position on tRNA is the wobble base of the triplet anticodon?

Accepted Answer

A)  1st position (5' letter) 
B)  2nd position 
C)  3rd position (3' letter) 
D)  Wobble can occur at any position. 
A)  1st position (5' letter) 
B)  2nd position 
C)  3rd position (3' letter) 
D)  Wobble can occur at any position.

Question 20

Chaperones assist in protein folding by preventing aggregation of proteins before folding is completed.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 12: Protein Synthesis Translation of the Genetic Message

HIF-1 is related to which process?

At which position on the mRNA is the wobble base of the triplet codon?

How do eukaryotic and prokaryotic translation compare?

Aminoacyl-tRNA Synthetases are involved in which step of translation?

The amino acids are initially attached to either the 2' or 3' hydroxyl group of the tRNA.

Why do scientists believe the ribosome is a ribozyme?

Inosine or hypoxanthine can wobble with all the following bases, except :

Ribosomal frameshifting in Influenza Virus A is caused by the fact that

Which of the following is not required for the elongation phase of protein synthesis?

What happens when a stop codon is reached by a ribosome (in the A site)?

The majority of protein synthesis occurs in the

How many codons are known for each amino acid?

Degradation of proteins

Which amino acids have unique codons?

What is the start codon on the mRNA for prokaryotic translation?

N-formyl methionine

Wobble allows each codon to interact with more than one tRNA.

The final form of mRNA in eukaryotes has all these features, except :

At which position on tRNA is the wobble base of the triplet anticodon?

Chaperones assist in protein folding by preventing aggregation of proteins before folding is completed.

Biochemistry and the Organization of Cells

Water the Solvent for Biochemical Reactions

Amino Acids and Peptides

The Three Dimensional Structure of Proteins

Protein Purification and Characterization Techniques

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes

The Behavior of Proteins Enzymes Mechanisms and Control

Lipids and Proteins Are Associated in Biological Membranes

Nucleic Acids How Structure Conveys Information

Biosynthesis of Nucleic Acids Replication

Transcription of the Genetic Code the Biosynthesis of Rna

Nucleic Acid Biotechnology Techniques

Viruses Cancer and Immunology

The Importance of Energy Changes and Electron Transfer in Metabolism

Carbohydrates

Glycolysis

Storage Mechanisms and Control in Carbohydrate Metabolism

The Citric Acid Cycle

Electron Transport and Oxidative Phosphorylation

Lipid Metabolism

Photosynthesis

The Metabolism of Nitrogen

Integration of Metabolism Cellular Signaling

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