Question 1

The 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act:

Accepted Answer

A)  require the EPA to decide whether an SIP is complete; if it is, the EPA must approve or disapprove the plan within six months. 
B)  attempt to halt environmental destruction caused by acid rain. 
C)  do not permit utilities to sell their emission allowances. 
D)  allot sulfur dioxide emission allowances to utilities based on the "bubble concept." 
A)  require the EPA to decide whether an SIP is complete; if it is, the EPA must approve or disapprove the plan within six months. 
B)  attempt to halt environmental destruction caused by acid rain. 
C)  do not permit utilities to sell their emission allowances. 
D)  allot sulfur dioxide emission allowances to utilities based on the "bubble concept."

Question 2

To establish trespass to land, a plaintiff:

Accepted Answer

A)  must show an invasion that interferes with the plaintiff's right of exclusive possession of property that is at least an indirect result of the defendant's actions. 
B)  need not show the plaintiff's right to exclusive possession, but must show that the defendant's actions were unreasonable. 
C)  must show an invasion that interferes with the plaintiff's right of exclusive possession of property and that it is a direct result of the defendant's actions. 
D)  need not show the plaintiff's right to exclusive possession. 
A)  must show an invasion that interferes with the plaintiff's right of exclusive possession of property that is at least an indirect result of the defendant's actions. 
B)  need not show the plaintiff's right to exclusive possession, but must show that the defendant's actions were unreasonable. 
C)  must show an invasion that interferes with the plaintiff's right of exclusive possession of property and that it is a direct result of the defendant's actions. 
D)  need not show the plaintiff's right to exclusive possession.

Question 3

The  Clean Power Plan  requires power plants by 2030 to significantly cut levels of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions, sulfur dioxide emissions, and nitrogen oxide emissions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

In 2017, President Trump signed the Executive Order on Energy Independence, which calls for a review of the Clean Power Plan.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

In order for Beth to receive a permit for her plastics factory in a nonattainment area, she must show that the factory's emission rates will be within the average range for the industry.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

Generally, only a public representative, such as the attorney general, may sue to stop a public nuisance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

To establish a private nuisance, a plaintiff:

Accepted Answer

A)  must show that the defendant has substantially and unreasonably interfered with the use and enjoyment of the plaintiff's land. 
B)  must show that in an action for damages in conjunction with private nuisance, the defendant's conduct was unreasonable. 
C)  need not show that the interference was unreasonable. 
D)  need only show that the quiet enjoyment of plaintiff's land was substantially impacted. 
A)  must show that the defendant has substantially and unreasonably interfered with the use and enjoyment of the plaintiff's land. 
B)  must show that in an action for damages in conjunction with private nuisance, the defendant's conduct was unreasonable. 
C)  need not show that the interference was unreasonable. 
D)  need only show that the quiet enjoyment of plaintiff's land was substantially impacted.

Question 8

The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System may require that discharge permits be obtained from:

Accepted Answer

A)  the EPA. 
B)  the Army Corps of Engineers. 
C)  an individual state. 
D)  Any of these. 
A)  the EPA. 
B)  the Army Corps of Engineers. 
C)  an individual state. 
D)  Any of these.

Question 9

All present and former owners of contaminated property have liability for its Superfund clean-up costs if they caused the contamination or if they owned the property while it was contaminated, whether or not they knew of the contamination.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Under the Superfund Recycling Act of 1999, recyclers are exempt from clean-up cost liability to the government or third parties.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Which of the following is true of prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) areas under the Clean Air Act?

Accepted Answer

A)  Only limited increase in air pollution is allowed. 
B)  New construction of a major stationary source requires a permit from the state. 
C)  To receive a permit, a new source must show it will use the best control technology available. 
D)  All of these are true. 
A)  Only limited increase in air pollution is allowed. 
B)  New construction of a major stationary source requires a permit from the state. 
C)  To receive a permit, a new source must show it will use the best control technology available. 
D)  All of these are true.

Question 12

CERCLA is an act that:

Accepted Answer

A)  Regulates current and future generation, transportation, and disposal of hazardous waste. 
B)  Provides limited authority for the cleanup of inactive and abandoned hazardous waste sites. 
C)  Requires the federal government to establish a National Contingency Plan. 
D)  Both  regulates current and future generation, transportation, and disposal of hazardous waste and also  provides limited authority for the cleanup of inactive and abandoned hazardous waste sites. 
A)  Regulates current and future generation, transportation, and disposal of hazardous waste. 
B)  Provides limited authority for the cleanup of inactive and abandoned hazardous waste sites. 
C)  Requires the federal government to establish a National Contingency Plan. 
D)  Both  regulates current and future generation, transportation, and disposal of hazardous waste and also  provides limited authority for the cleanup of inactive and abandoned hazardous waste sites.

Question 13

A detailed statement concerning the environmental impact of a proposed federal action is:

Accepted Answer

A)  a National Ambient Air Quality Standard. 
B)  an Environmental Impact Statement. 
C)  the bubble concept. 
D)  an Environment Interior Standards Review. 
A)  a National Ambient Air Quality Standard. 
B)  an Environmental Impact Statement. 
C)  the bubble concept. 
D)  an Environment Interior Standards Review.

Question 14

The Clean Air Act requires that the standard of performance for new stationary sources that are constructed or modified after the publication of regulations reflect emissions achievable through application of the best available technological system of continuous emission reduction.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

As of April 12, 2017, 144 countries, including the US, had ratified the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

The Council on Environmental Quality is a separate administrative agency that advises the president on environmental issues.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Petrol Corp. owns several drilling operations in the Gulf of Mexico, refineries, service stations, and tanker trucks for transporting their products. Petrol Corp. hires an environmental manager to keep the company in compliance with various environmental laws. What laws will the environmental manager need to study and why?

Accepted Answer

The environmental manager will need to s

Question 18

If, after performing an environmental assessment, a federal agency concludes that an EIS is not required, the agency must engage in "scoping."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

The Council on Environmental Quality is a four-member advisory group to the EPA.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Lostowne was economically depressed until Sally's Firecracker Corp. moved its factory there. Test explosions and the acrid smell of sulfur then interfered with Bob's enjoyment of the old family home. Bob sues Sally for nuisance and seeks a court-ordered injunction to close down the factory. In determining whether the injunction is appropriate, the court will:

Accepted Answer

A)  "balance the equities." 
B)  consider the gravity of harm to Bob and his family. 
C)  consider the social value of Sally's business. 
D)  consider the public interest in the jobs created by Sally's and the economic upturn in Lostowne. 
E)  All of these. 
A)  "balance the equities." 
B)  consider the gravity of harm to Bob and his family. 
C)  consider the social value of Sally's business. 
D)  consider the public interest in the jobs created by Sally's and the economic upturn in Lostowne. 
E)  All of these.

Exam 45: Environmental Law

The 1990 amendments to the Clean Air Act:

To establish trespass to land, a plaintiff:

The Clean Power Plan requires power plants by 2030 to significantly cut levels of U.S. carbon dioxide emissions, sulfur dioxide emissions, and nitrogen oxide emissions.

In 2017, President Trump signed the Executive Order on Energy Independence, which calls for a review of the Clean Power Plan.

In order for Beth to receive a permit for her plastics factory in a nonattainment area, she must show that the factory's emission rates will be within the average range for the industry.

Generally, only a public representative, such as the attorney general, may sue to stop a public nuisance.

To establish a private nuisance, a plaintiff:

The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System may require that discharge permits be obtained from:

All present and former owners of contaminated property have liability for its Superfund clean-up costs if they caused the contamination or if they owned the property while it was contaminated, whether or not they knew of the contamination.

Under the Superfund Recycling Act of 1999, recyclers are exempt from clean-up cost liability to the government or third parties.

Which of the following is true of prevention of significant deterioration (PSD) areas under the Clean Air Act?

CERCLA is an act that:

A detailed statement concerning the environmental impact of a proposed federal action is:

The Clean Air Act requires that the standard of performance for new stationary sources that are constructed or modified after the publication of regulations reflect emissions achievable through application of the best available technological system of continuous emission reduction.

As of April 12, 2017, 144 countries, including the US, had ratified the Doha Amendment to the Kyoto Protocol.

The Council on Environmental Quality is a separate administrative agency that advises the president on environmental issues.

If, after performing an environmental assessment, a federal agency concludes that an EIS is not required, the agency must engage in "scoping."

The Council on Environmental Quality is a four-member advisory group to the EPA.

Introduction to Law

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