Exam 4: Constitutional Law

The requirement that a classification have a substantial relationship to an important governmental objective is known as the:

There is no state action when a court orders enforcement of a private agreement among property owners since the property owners are private individuals.

The federal government's power to tax has no limitations.

State legislation is conflicting with federal law if (1) compliance with both state and federal law is impossible or (2) the state law "stands as an obstacle to the accomplishment and execution of the full purposes and objectives of Congress."

The Contract Clause of the Constitution prevents states from retroactively modifying public charters and private contracts.

The term "eminent domain" refers to a governmental taking of private property for public use.

The First Amendment's guarantee of free speech applies to:

Which of the following is a major limitation on the federal government's power to tax?

For the purposes of procedural due process, __________ includes certain entitlements conferred by government such as social security payments and food stamps.

The federal government's authority to govern economic matters flows from the Commerce Clause.

Under the Commerce Clause, any state statute that affects interstate commerce is unconstitutional.

According to the U.S. Supreme Court, the "necessary and proper" clause gives Congress the authority to legislate in areas not mentioned in the list of enumerated powers if the legislation reasonably relates to an enumerated power.

The U.S. Supreme Court held that the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment requires a state to license a marriage between two people of the same sex and to recognize a marriage between two people of the same sex when their marriage was lawfully licensed and performed in another state.

The Bill of Rights applies directly to the states.

The principle of __________ concerns the compatibility of a law or governmental action with fundamental constitutional rights such as free speech.

Strict scrutiny is used by the U.S. Supreme Court to carefully scrutinize:

Which equal protection test is applied to cases based on gender and legitimacy?

The framers of the Constitution considered it unnecessary to include in the original document liberties that the people were to keep for themselves.

Judicial review is the process by which courts review governmental action to determine whether such actions conform to the U.S. Constitution.

The constitutional protection extended to commercial speech is based on the informational function of advertising.